低碳城市建設中社區居民參與的現狀與影響因素的分析──以中國大陸青島市城陽區為例

Analysis on Current Situation and Influence Factors of Community Residents’ Participation during the Process of Low-Carbon City Construction-On the Basis of An Empirical Investigation in Chengyang District, Qingdao, Mainland China

由工業污染、能源危機和交通惡化所構成的環境問題正困擾著中國大陸的城市化進程，在這樣的社會背景之下，以「可持續發展」為核心理念的低碳城市發展模式越發受到世人的重視，而低碳發展的落腳點應該是城市中各社區的低碳化轉型。社區居民參與在低碳城市發展中扮演著關鍵性的角色，相關的理念和經驗對中國大陸的低碳可持續發展具有重要的借鑒意義。因此，筆者通過對於青島市低碳示範區域－－城陽區的實證研究，以問卷調查為主要方法，分析了當地在低碳社區參與方面的現狀，探究了影響參與的各種因素和機制，從而總結其成功經驗與不足之處。結合Logistic回歸分析方法的結果可以發現，各自變量在不同的情境之下所呈現的影響程度存在差異，而居民的低碳行動也表現出被動參與型和理性參與型的不同特徵。筆者進一步借助統計資料和城市社會學相關理論的闡釋，在本文結論中指出大陸的城市居民具有較高的低碳意識，但其積極性和參與水準相對于發達國家而言尚處於較低的層次。此外，社區低碳事務的主導權大多由政府掌握，社區組織在低碳轉型中的缺位現象比較嚴重，內部參與途徑也並不廣泛，筆者對引發上述問題的深層原因進行了探討。最後，在對策與建議部分，主要從培育社會的低碳文化、政府部門轉變職能、完善社區激勵制度、支持公民社會力量的發展、審視消費主義的隱憂等方面提出了改進我國社區居民參與低碳城市進程的幾點想法，這同時也是創新城市管理模式的應有之義。

Mainland China’s urbanization process is being retarded by environmental issues. Embedded in such social context, the development pattern of ‘low-carbon city’ highlighting ‘sustainability’ has been in the limelight of public opinion. Particularly, the ultimate orientation of such development should be aimed at the low-carbonized transformation in each urban community, which maintains the long-term vitality of a low-carbon city. The writers aim to empirically investigate the current situation of community participation in Qingdao by: examining its demonstration district—Chengyang, exploring factors and mechanisms related to this participation, and identifying its successful experiences as well as weaknesses. Assisted by the method of logistic regression, different effect levels of factors can be found in diverse circumstances. On this basis, it is argued that Chinese urban residents generally have strong low-carbon consciousness, whereas their participation patterns which can be classified as two types (passive and rational) stagnate at a relatively low level. In addition, governmental planning still remains a predominant position in low-carbon affairs. The function and impact of civil society are refrained temporarily, with sporadic efforts for citizens to enhance their discourse power. Finally, suggestions which accord with the demands of China’s urban management innovation are proposed to prompt the process of community participation. Overall, this article is expected to provide evaluative insights about the broader impacts of low-carbon urban policies and lifestyles in Chinese cities.