第三波的仕紳化與再層域競爭的國家政權──臺南中國城更新計畫

Chinatown Redevelopment Plan in Tainan: The Third-Wave Gentrification and The Rescaled Competition State Regime

近年來仕紳化的研究逐漸地轉向到公共政策的領域，並且藉由這個轉向開始強調國家在仕紳化過程中的重要性。有別於過去研究所聚焦在仕紳化的定義與社會融合等不同議題，大多數的學者定義這個國家導向的仕紳化為「第三波仕紳化」的研究風潮。這個強調積極的仕紳化，說明了國家藉由大型的都市再開發計畫達到再造都市產業結構、改善環境品質、創造城市投資機會與提升城市競爭力的目的。儘管國家的重要性被新世代的仕紳化研究中強調，但是國家介入空間再計畫的正當性與必要性仍是缺乏的，因此本文試圖引用再層域競爭的國家政權的理論架構，佐證國家在全球化的積極角色，說明國家如何透過空間再層域化的過程創造新的都市空間。在這個理論的建構下，仕紳化被解讀成為國家空間再層域化的一種策略邏輯。臺南市政府近年來所積極推動的中國城都市更新案，則被視為說明這個論證的一個發生中的例子。

The new research focus of gentrification were shifted to the public policy from social problem, and begin to reminder the important position of the state in the process of gentrification. This new transformation was identified as a third wave of gentrification. In fact, this positive gentrification, mainly triggered by the state, through the large-scale urban redevelopment project, acknowledge the implication of restructuring urban industry, improving the live quality, creating the investment opportunity, and prompting the city competitiveness. Specially, the uniqueness of state in the globalization competition was emphasized by the theorization of spatial reproduced. This emphasis of supporting the fully competence of state to manage the different scale was achieved by the continuity of spatial rescaling, was accepted, and agreed that the state play a dominating role of capital accumulation. This research tried to build up the theoretical articulation of between gentrification and rescaling, and to support the positive role of state in creating a new urban space through the process of state rescaling, under globalization. Unser this theoretical framework, the gentrification undoubtedly regarded as a strategy of state rescaling. The urban renew plan of China Town in Tainan, actively prompting by the Tainan city government recently, was taken as an example to explain this theoretical implication.