價值衝突的權衡──以先秦儒墨相非為中心

Study on the value of conflict with Confucian and Mohist

自上世紀至本世紀的發展，全球化的浪潮襲卷而至，不管是在先進地區或是落後地區，皆呈現著一種強烈的對比，形成保守與進步、傳統與現代、抗拒與變遷的價值衝突，在這種極為對立的價值觀影響之下，社會也付出了慘重的代價，甚至是生命的犧牲和倫理秩序的動盪與不安。如何透過對話、溝通與建立共識之方法，尋覓和諧之道，是為迫切的挑戰，而東亞文明更不應袖手旁觀，當有其可扮演之文化使命。先秦時期百家爭鳴，是為中國哲學的黃金年代，而儒墨並稱顯學，蔚為爭鋒，兩者思潮互為激蕩，而有相非之議題產生。《莊子．齊物》亦有：「儒墨是非」的話，唐朝韓愈雖有「孔子必用墨子，墨子必用孔子，不相用，不足為孔墨」之言，但對二家之義理旨趣及哲學意涵皆略而不談，因此對於儒墨相非之本質差異的議題，本文從本質層與形式層切入，找出儒墨相非的根本問題之關鍵及二者見解的差異之處、謀慮之周偏、與夫對社會人生貢獻之大小；藉由此個案之探討，而得兩家爭鋒之論述聚焦，這即是一種對話與溝通的形式，從中找到的溝通道德之可能，由此看出可資借鏡參照的對話模式及在今日之意義。

Since the last century to this century, and to the rushing tide of globalization, whether in the advanced regions or other areas, are showing a strong contrast with the formation of conservative and progressive, traditional and modern, to resist and change the value of conflict, this conflicting values under the influence of society and people, even the sacrifice of life and ethical order of turmoil and uncertainty. How the dialogue, communication and consensus-building of the method, to find a harmonious way is an urgent challenge. Pre-Qin Dynasty competition, is the golden age of Chinese philosophy, Confucian and Mohist were splendid commander, stirring between each other. Although Han Yu said, Confucius must use the Mozi, Mozi will use Confucius, are not in use, lack of Confucius and Mozi, but the purport of both teachings and philosophy implications are not talking about a little, so for both phase difference between the essence of philosophy. Seeking partial consideration of the fundamental differences, and the contribution to social life style, by the study of this case, derived from two department and commander of the discussion focused, which is a form of dialogue, to find the possible communication ethics, From the dialogue may be create the model and in the light of today's significance.