論俞樾《春秋》學的思想旨趣

On the Thought and Significance of Yu Yue's Study of the Spring and Autumn Annals

晚清治考據學之可觀者，梁啟超視俞樾與孫詒讓為二大家。其中俞樾所師法在於高郵王氏父子，其重視訓詁、輯佚、疑義的研究方法，進而以此整理群經與諸子之學，並影響了晚清黃以周、戴望、崔適、吳昌碩、袁昶、章太炎等學者，故俞氏之經學對於晚清學術是具有啟發意義的。至於俞氏之治《春秋》大抵能以考據學入手，又能吸收今文學的部份觀點，提煉漢儒思想，但不死守門戶家法，能會通《三傳》經說，重視《春秋》所涉及的微言大義、天人思想、戰爭思想、禮儀典制等，故其《春秋》學實有相當之特色。本文乃析出其《群經平議》中對三傳研究的思想觀點，並輔以《古書疑義舉例》、《賓萌集經義雜說》、《湖樓筆談》、《茶香室經說》的要點，進而導出其《春秋》學之意義與價值。以四個主題論述之，一是論《春秋》之微言大義；二是論天人災異與五行思想；三是對《春秋》戰爭思想之辨析；四是對《春秋》禮制之探討與論證。

Among the late Ching Dynasty scholars conducting textual research, Yu Yue and Sun Yirang are considered two leading figures by Liang Qichao. Deriving his ways of studying from a father and son surnamed Wong from Gaoyou, a city with a long history in China's Jiangsu Province, Yu applies methods of exegesis (xungu), collection and compilation of lost texts (jiyi) as well as discussion of doubtful points (yiyi) to examine Confucian classics and the thoughts of major philosophers in pre-Qin China (before 221 BCE). Yu's study of Confucian classics has influence on his contemporary academics, such as Huang Yizhou, Dai Wang, Cui Shi, Wu Changshuo, Yuan Chang and Zhang Taiyan, and therefore brings intellectual insight to the academic world at that time. Yu begins his study of the Spring and Autumn Annals with a textual approach, incorporating some perspectives from the New Text School to refine the thoughts of the Han Confucian scholars. He further draws upon the three commentaries of the book (The Commentary of Gongyang, The Commentary of Guliang, The Commentary of Zuo), and attaches importance to the wei yan da yi (profundity and subtle language) and certain themes conveyed and covered in the book, such as the thought of heaven-and-human relations, the concepts of war, as well as the ritual system and regulations. It can be argued, therefore, that Yu has a reasonably distinctive research style for the study of the Spring and Autumn Annals. The paper sets out to identify and analyze perspectives on the three commentaries expressed in one of Yu's works, Qun Jing Ping Yi, and, with reference to the main points of his other books including Gu Shu Yi Yi Ju Li, Bin Meng Ji Jing Yi Za Shuo, Hu Lou Bi Tan and Cha Xiang Shi Jing Shuo, attempts to capture the significance and value of Yu's inquiry into the annals. Discussions are approached from four aspects: (1) wei yan da yi; (2) the thought of heaven-human relations, calamities and abnormal phenomenon, and, the theory of the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, earth); (3) the concepts of war; and (4) the ritual system documented in the Spring and Autumn Annals.