宋代紫姑的女仙化及才女化

The Changes of the Images of 'Zi-gu' in the Song Dynasty

本文比較紫姑在宋代以前的文本及宋代文本中的差異，探究其變化背後 的因素，並藉著諸種改變來究明其間所隱含的性別議題。由六朝而惰唐、五 代，紫姑的形象從管蠶桑之事的村婦，一變為能卜家內眾事的女神；至宋， 再變為善醫、卜的女仙，及精通琴棋書畫、善為詩文的才女。失意文人以紫 姑作為媒介抒志或代言的工具。她的身份雖從妾、女性陰神而女仙、才女， 漸次提升，但始終無法擺脫性別論述下，無聲、私領域的存在。反而因為賦 予她話語權力的仍是參與降神作詩活動的文人們，她成為文人懷抱的托寓工 真，也成為文人心目中完美女性的投射而已。

First, we talk about the differences of 'Zi-gu'(紫姑)in the texts between the Song Dynasty and the ages before it. Then, we make a thorough about the reasons of the changes and the gender problems in them. From the Six Dynasties period to the Song Dynasty, the image of 'Zi-gu' is from a peasant woman to a goddess and a gifted woman. At the same time, the disappointed scholars treat her as the vehicle of expressing the emotion. Although Zi-gu's identity is promoted, but she is still a noiseless existence. She is not only the scholars' vehicle of expressing, but also their images about the perfect ladies.