胡仔《苕溪漁隱叢話》論蘇試探析

On the Poetry Study Thought about Su-Shi of 'A Clump of Speech of Tiao-Xi-Yu-Yin'

《苕溪漁隱叢話前後集》為編著於南宋之初一部「大型的綜合性質」的詩話總集，作者胡仔為了「補訂《詩總》之缺漏」與「修正《詩總》之體例」，輯補了北宋元祐時期的詩話空白，並以詩人年代先後次第為編排脈絡，雖是一本詩話總集，但同時也隱含了胡仔的「詩史觀」。胡仔於《後集˙序》將蘇軾、黃庭堅與唐之李白、杜甫並舉，可知胡仔以選出蘇、黃為北宋詩歌之典範，不過，從卷數的數量與編排來看，胡仔更有「尊蘇」的意圖。本文以「論詩及事」和「論詩及辭」為綱要，探討《苕溪漁隱叢話》對於蘇軾詩歌的看法。在「論詩及事」方面，胡仔注意到蘇軾詩集的編印、版本問題，除了讓後人了解印本發行對蘇詩傳播的影響之外，也進行蘇詩真偽的辨析。胡仔在校正用典的過程中，也察覺到蘇軾善於轉化典故，若一味地以勘誤的方式檢閱，反而落入曲解蘇軾用典的另一個謬誤之中。在「論詩及辭」方面，胡仔從「天生作對，不假人力」、「語意到處，不可限之以繩墨」、「點化前人詩句，無一窒礙」等三方面進行句式分析，達到推崇蘇軾「造語高妙，精研絕韻」之目的。胡仔發展了呂本中與陳與義「以李、蘇濟杜、黃」之論，進而獨尊蘇軾並影響其後的范成大、陸游等南宋詩人的學詩取向。

A Clump of Speech of Tiao-Xi-Yu-Yin' is a notable collection of classical poetic notes in the initial stage of the Southern Song Dynasty. This book supplemented the blank of classical poetics in Northern Song Dynasty, and the poets in it were formed in the age order. Hu-Zi, the author of the Book, transmitted his view of historical poetics in it. The essay will analyze about Hu-Zi's point of view to Su-Shi's poems in 'A Clump of Speech of Tiao-Xi-Yu-Yin.' Hu-Zi discussed the question of edition and publishing of Su-Shi poetry, and he also distinguished between true and fake of the poems. Besides, He gave praise to the poems of Su-Shi, and declared that Su-Shi is the paradigm of poets in Song Dynasty.