伊藤仁齋與「人文時代」的《論語》解－－以「知天命」 說為主軸

Itô Jinsai and His Humanistic Reading of the Analects － An Inquiry into the Interpretations of Confucius' 'Understanding the Decree of Heaven'

本文以《論語‧為政》「五十而知天命」一語為中心，分析德川時代古學派儒者伊藤仁齋對孔子思想的解釋策略，及其宋儒詮釋典範的顛覆。本文首先提出，朱子以理學語言將孔子的「天命」置於天人關係中，解釋為天所賦予人之宇宙論根據。伊藤仁齋重讀《論》《孟》，扣緊孔子發言的具體情境，還原孔子「天命」之原意，展現古義學的方法。通過伊藤仁齋的解釋，孔子及其「天命」概念，重新取得了人文的或文化的涵義。

The present article analyzes the Tokugaku Confucianist Itô Jinsai's interpretive strategy for re-reading Confucius' notion of 'Decree of Heaven' and his attack against the Sung Neo-Confucian interpretation of Confucius. It is argued that Chu Hsi interpreted the 'Decree of Heaven,' in the context of Sung Neo-Confucian linguisticality, as the cosmological basis of human existence. In contrast, Itô Jinsai re-read the Analects in the context of the concret situatedness in which Confucius spoke of the 'Decree of Heaven.' In this way, Itô Jinsai became able to claim the 'ancient meaning' of Confucius. It is in this typical Kogigaku School's method of reading the Confucian classics that the humanistic meanings of Confucius resumed.