“儒家不能以道家為忌＂－－試論牟宗三“以道釋儒＂之詮釋學意義

Confucianists Should Not Take Taoism as a Taboo: On Mou Tsung-san's Interpretation of Confucian Texts with Taoist Wisdom

牟宗三對儒、釋、道經典的詮釋是研究中國詮釋傳統的重要依據。不過，牟先生並不是一般的經典詮釋者，他首先是一位思想家和哲學家，是新的哲學體系的創建者。他的這一角色決定他的詮釋活動不同於一般的經典注釋，也超越了西方一般詮釋學或哲學詮釋學所研究討論的範圍。本文以牟先生的以道釋儒的詮釋活動的側面為實例剖析牟先生的經典詮釋對詮釋學研究的貢獻、啟示和挑戰。文章第一部份提出牟先生所說的儒家不能以道家為忌的詮釋立場，從材料的爬梳整理、思想的詮釋闡發、系統化的概念對比三方面展示牟先生以道釋儒的實例並分析其特點和意義，說明牟先生的體系建設的目標打破了通常所說的“詮釋的循環＂。第二部份以《論語》中兩段文字，特別是關於無為的詮釋為例說明歷史上以道家為忌是實有其事的，並進一步印證牟先生以道釋儒的詮釋活動是有文獻根據和思想脈絡可尋的，因而是可行的，必要的。文章的總結部份就牟先生之詮釋活動對詮釋學和中國詮釋傳統的貢獻提出四點提示。

Mou Tsung-san is a leading philosopher establishing a new Confucianist philosophical system based on his creative interpretation of Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist texts. Against historical and current practice of Confuciansits keeping criticizing Taoism and taking it as a taboo, Mou shows his interpretation of some Confucian texts with Taoist ideas and wisdom, and asserts that certain interpretations of Confucianism with Taoist ideas are necessary and beneficial. Mou says that Confucianists should not conceal the similarity in certain ideas and expressions between Confucianism and Taoism, and should not take Taoism as a taboo. The paper demonstrates the necessity and appropriateness of Mou's practice and theory in interpretation of some Confucian texts with Taoist style and language. Nevertheless, this special interpretation is not an isolated case in Mou's hermeneutical practice, but a representative part of his interpretation of Chinese philosophical classics. Thus, we can see and analyze the features and contributions of Mou's hermeneutical activities through this case, as well as the challenge to general hermeneutics from his practice. Mou's practice is a good example in Chinese hermeneutical tradition that reflects the tension between the efforts in exploring the meaning of texts and establishing a new philosophical system, which breaks the so-called 'hermeneutical circle.' As soon as the interpreter has established his own coherent philosophical theory, the meaning of certain specific parts of the texts would not effect his overall interpretation of the classics and historical thought. To study Mou's hermeneutical practice will enrich the hermeneutics and help to understand the interpretive tradition in Chinese philosophy.