論《詩經》多重義與《詩》本義的詮釋

On Multiple Meanings of Shi Jin And The Interpretation of Genuine Meaning of Shi Jin

《詩經》的在流傳的過程中，逐漸產生了多種不同的《詩》義，這種《詩》義多重的現象為人們理解《詩經》造成了一定程度的困擾。本文嘗試將此現象與古典詩論中的「重意」說與當代西方文論的「多義」（ambiguity）概念來做一反省與觀照，發現上述觀點僅能部分地解釋《詩經》的多重義現象，但卻無法全面且有效的把握《詩》義形成的複雜狀況。造成《詩》義多重的原因頗多，除作詩者的意義賦予之外，在《詩經》早期流傳、傳授的階段中，諸如《詩經》的采集、編輯、整理、詮釋以及將其從事各種各樣的禮樂運用、道德教誨及外交辭令及學者的言辭引述等，這些活動都參與了《詩》義生成與形塑的過程，終致形成了層層疊疊的多重《詩》義。儘管《詩》義的多重性呈現了某種多元並呈，繽紛多姿的色彩，但就《詩》義的詮釋而言，尋求一妥效且適當的詮釋仍有其必要，此即在多重的《詩》義中探尋出「真正的」（genuine or authentic）《詩》義－－《詩經》本義。一般而言，本義可能存在於文本當中，通過文本的考索可以獲致作品的本義。但就《詩經》的詮釋傳統而言，隱藏在作品之外的作者本意確實比存在文本中的作品本義來得更重要、更真實。從這個角度來看，作者本意才是詮釋《詩》義的最終目標。

In the course of its spread, Shi Jin generates a large number of diverse meanings, which cause some confusion to people in some degree. This paper attempts to compare this phenomenon with the concept of 'Chong Yi' (重意) in the traditional Chinese poetic theory and the idea of 'ambiguity' in the contemporary western literary theory in order to reflect and survey the differences between them. However, this only explains some phenomenon to the multiple meaning of Shi Jin but fails to deal with the complicated development of Shi Jin completely and effectively. In addition to the authors' intentions to Shi Jin, what makes the meanings of Shi Jin multiple is the activities in the early period of its spreading and instructing, such as the gathering, editing, arranging and interpreting of it and anything related to various kinds of the ritual ceremony, the moral teaching, the diplomatic practices, and the scholars' speeches and quotations. All of these participate in forming the on-going process of meanings of Shi Jin, resulted in the various layers and levels of multiple meanings in it. In spite of its multiplicity, which represents the characteristics of its plentiful plurality and colorful complexity, it is necessary to look for the one single effective and suitable meaning for the interpretation of Shi Jin -that is, the genuine or authentic meaning of it. In general, the authentic meaning of it. In general, the authentic meaning might exist within the text, and only through the close examination of the text can we reach it. As far as the traditional interpretation of Shi Jin is concerned, what lies behind the authors' intention is much more significant and more authentic than what exists within the text. From this point of view, the eternal and ultimate aim of interpreting the meaning of Shi Jin is the authors' intention.