勞動合同的自治與規制－－以“違反強制性規定的勞動合同”為中心

The Autonomy and Regulation of Labor Contract: Focus on the Labor Contracts Violating the Compulsory Provisions

“違反強制性規定的勞動合同”集中反映了勞動法中私人自治和國家規制的複雜糾葛。對我國司法的實證研究表明：勞動案件中對強制性規定的適用已不再是個案式的，而呈現出一定的規律性，但背後的原理尚待探明，既有的分歧尚待消弭。經由“形式控制”和“結構控制”，可能導致合同無效的強制性規定被縮限到側重規範主體和規範行為、具有公法性質的法律、法規和規章；經由“實質控制”，未通過規範目的和利益分析檢驗的強制性規定進一步排除。基於三重控制的操作行之有效的司法經驗被梳理，徒勞無功的做法被擯棄，聚訟不已的衝突被化解，最終，勞動合同中的自治和規制得以平衡。

The complicate relationship between the Private Autonomy and State Regulation is reflected by the labor contracts violating the compulsory provisions. The empirical study on China judicial practice indicates that the compulsory provisions are applied case by case, rather with regular pattern. However, the principles lurked in the phenomenon have not revealed and the existing divergence has not resolved. Therefore, through the Formal Control and Structural Control, the compulsory provisions rendering the contract void are restricted to the laws, rules and administrative regulations with the nature of public law, which mainly regulate the objects and acts; through Substantial Control, the compulsory provisions are further excluded, which fail to meet the examination of normative aims and interest analysis. Based on the triple control, the effective judicial experience is refined, the futile operations are abandoned, and the controversial conflicts are dissolved. Finally, the autonomy and regulation of labor contracts are balanced.