論《左傳》刑上於大夫之政治效應

Political Effects of Punishments Could Be Applied to the Senior Officials：Take 'Zuo Chuan' As an Example

翻閱《左傳》，春秋時代王子、公子、卿、大夫等封建階層成員受刑之事例所在多有，主 要包括肉刑、死刑和放逐刑。他們遭受肉刑之後，除了身體創傷，原有的社會地位和政治權利 亦遭剝奪，往往淪為賤役。死刑是為政治安定或政治鬥爭而致人於死的兩面刃，當封建貴族威 脅或侵犯到國君個人權位及國人群體利益時，常可能遭受死刑，又如排除異己、取悅外國、軍事過失等，亦可能使封建階層成員被處死。放逐刑相對於肉刑和死刑而言，是一種減刑或替代刑，亦是具有施加寬宥、隔絕禍患性質的政治制裁。

To read 'Zuo Chuan', there are many senior officials were be punished in the Chun Qiu period. Mainly includes corporal punishment, death penalty and exile. After they suffer corporal punishment, receives except the body hurts, the original social position and the political right also be deprived, and became a servant. Death penalty like a knife for the quiet or dispute of politics. When the senior officials threatens either encroaches to the monarch individual authority or the people community benefit, possibly suffers death penalty. Also like removes the dissident, tries to please foreign, the military error and so on, also possibly causes officials suffers death penalty. Exile is opposite in the corporal punishment and death penalty says, is one kind commutes a sentence or the substitution punishment. That is a political sanction to separate the disaster, and carry out forgives.