進出無言之間：兒童心理治療中鬼之意義與兒童心理創傷

The Significance of Demons in the Consultation Room and Children’s Psychological Trauma

本文目的在於以榮格分析心理學中父親情結、原型及集體潛意識之概念，以及客體關係之理論架構試圖去理解在諮商室中，兒童個案呈現出來的有關創傷與鬼魂現象的可能意涵。文中案例中，均因失去父親，出現創傷反應後，開始接受治療。當兒童有創傷時，會以內在或外在的症狀呈現出來，本文的兩位個案對鬼魂的反應及過度黏母親均為兒童喪親後的創傷反應。所以，他們在治療當中都碰觸到「鬼魂/原魔」（Demon）的議題，經過詮釋分析後，原本以害怕鬼或愛看鬼片之行動投射出來防衛喪親的痛苦，開始可以談論到關鍵的「失落」議題。當因喪親而造成的傷痛未消化，此傷痛將進入個人潛意識，並與人類集體潛意識連結。由本文發現鬼魂對兒童的意義為：兒童以怕鬼的形式內攝母親無法哀悼父親的離去，故以怕鬼的形式陪伴母親，並保留內在好父親的客體，而投射出壞父親的客體展現父親情結，及再度認同父親的歷程。

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the possible implications of related trauma and demon phenomena manifested by children in the consultation room by using the concepts of father complex， archetype， the collective unconscious in Jungian psychology and the theoretical framework of object relations. Children in the cases in this article have all lost their fathers and started receiving treatment after having a traumatic response. When trauma occurs in children， it manifests as internal or external symptoms; the traumatic response to bereavement in the two cases in the article was presented as demons and being overly attached to his/her mother. Thus， the topic of demons was touched upon during their treatment. While they originally projected fear of ghosts or love for ghost films as a defense mechanism for the pain of bereavement， after analysis and explanation， they were able to begin dialogue about their loss. To children， the significance of imagining demons lies in their introjection of their mother’s inability to mourn their father’s death. They use their fear of demons as an excuse to accompany their mother while preserving internally the object of great father and projecting the object of bad father in order to display the father complex. Children internalize their father figure again by understanding their demon phenomenon.