楊基生年再考及其詩中「木入斗」問題

The Establishment of Yang Ji's Birth Dateilk Book “Dau Yuan” 'Jiong Tong Da Xu' interpretation

明初著名詩人楊基生年有數種說法，然均嫌文獻不足。翁同文先生、饒宗頤先生及旅美學者楊雋先生都曾做過相關的考證和探討，然皆未能善解楊基自述詩句「我生之辰木入斗，烏啼東井命壁守」，楊基生年問題一直懸而未決。細考《眉庵集》，我們發現，楊基祖母之年齡與楊基女兒之年齡可以作為楊基生年的兩個座標。楊基自述詩句與屈原＜離騷＞中「攝提貞于孟陬兮，惟庚寅吾以降」自述其出生年月日的表達方式其實有某種相似之處，亦即楊基「我生之辰木入斗，烏啼東井命壁守」也是自述其出生年月日，但比屈原僅用太歲紀年更為複雜。通過輾轉考索，我們得出楊基出生在泰定三年四月二十三日（1326年）。以此結論反過來驗證於上述兩個座標，無一不合，再睽諸《眉庵集》中所有詩作，亦無相悖者，故楊基生於1326年已無疑義，而「木入斗」問題也得到相應的解決。

Yang Ji 楊基 was an outstanding poet at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty his birth date is not be found in any document. Although Weng Tongwen (翁同文), Rao Zongyi (饒示頤) and Yang Juan (America) had studied this question, they had not explained that Yang Ji says he was born in the year durmg which Jupiter was moving into the constellation of the Dipper (mil-ill-dou 木入斗 in Chinese) , his birth date is not certain so far. Throughout reading carefully Mei-an-ji (眉庵集) , we find that the age of Yang Ji's grandmother and daughter can be thought as coordinates of yang Ji's age. Yang Ji's poem which is mentioned is analogous to Qu Yuan (屈原)'s poem in Which he told his age, that is, Yang Ji also told his age in his poem. At last we come to conclusion that Yang Ji was born in 1326. The result is illustrated by the above coordinates and all the Yang Ji's poems in Mei-an-ji , so it is certain that Yang Ji was born in 1326 , correspondingly , mu-ru—dou is also explained reasonably.