孔子與實踐智慧

Confucius and practical wisdom

本文認為，孔子思想的當代意義在於對「實踐智慧」內涵的梳理和闡述。隨著現象學的發展，特別是海德格（Martin Heidegger）及其學生高達美（Hans-Georg Gadamer）等人為了回應西方「現代性」危機，藉由回到亞里斯多德的「phronesis」概念重新檢視近代西方理性主義，並由此開啟一場相異於康德的關於實踐哲學的討論，為當代研究孔子或原始儒家思想，擺脫近代「科學話語共同體」的困境打開了空間。本文認為，孔子思想中的「實踐智慧」體現在實踐主體與他人的交往中不斷改變自身的過程，因此是一種主體始終包含自身存在的實踐。實踐主體的存在不是指某種絕對的終極實體，而是以主體之間的現實交往過程為前提。由此，本文認為，重新探究孔子思想中的實踐智慧，將有助於我們重新反思中西文化之間的關係，以及在自身的文化內探索一種返古開新之路。

We are now trying to discover not merely what Confucius thinks but what is his practical wisdom . And the attempt to discover Confucius' practical wisdom is bound to demand a new awareness of Chinese traditional culture. In response to the crisis of Western modernity Heidegger and Gadamer reflect on Western rationalism by Aristotle's “phronesis” and discuss a practical philosophy which unlike Kant so that the study of contemporary Confucianism is possible to get rid of 'scientific discourse community.' We believe that Confucius 'practical wisdom' embodies in the process of interaction between subject and the other, so it is some kind of practice which subject always contains its own existence. This paper argues that to explore the practical wisdom of Confucius will help us to reflect on the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures, as well as within our own culture to explore a new road from ancient.