讀周法高教授編著《周秦名字解詁彙釋》－－兼論彝銘男性名與字

On Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi 周秦名字解詁彙釋, Edited by Dr. hou Fa-kao, with a Discussion on the Relations between Male Names and Courtesy Names in Bronze Inscriptions

古人名字，義相比附，班固著《白虎通》〈姓名篇〉雲「聞名即知其字，聞字即知其名，若名賜字子貢，名鯉字伯魚」。又許慎著《說文》，屢屢運用古人名、字義相呼應，證文字訓詁之義。清人高郵王引之撰《春秋名字解詁》，收集周秦人物名字三百餘條，說明其名字意義相因的現象，其後踵繼之學者甚多，意見分散各書刊中，蒐羅不易。周法高先生編著《周秦名字解詁彙釋》於 1958 年出版，條列王氏原書內容，合以二十二家著作相關意見，編輯成書，繼於 1964 年出版《周秦名字解詁彙釋補編》，新增四十五家學者相關論述。先生更有許多案語加以評論。此項工作於小學研究，貢獻甚鉅。《周秦名字解詁彙釋》書中附錄有郭沫若〈彝銘名字解詁〉，先生不僅詳加案語論證，也另輯補多條彝銘資料，裨益學者。本文擬自周法高先生編著《周秦名字解詁彙釋》《周秦名字解詁彙釋補編》兩書豐富的內容中，摘錄其條例，並對郭氏〈彝銘名字解詁〉有關銅器銘文人物名字相因的論述，略作檢討，並舉新出銅器銘文男性名字相因之實例，以為補苴。

Names and courtesy names in ancient China complemented each other in meanings. Ban Gu 班固, in the “Surname and Name＂ Chapter of Beihutong 白虎通, stated that “you know the courtesy names from the names, and vice versa. For example, the name si 賜 (to give) comes with zi gong 子貢 (tribute), the courtesy name; so is the relations between the name li 鯉 (carp) and the courtesy name bo yu 魚 (fish).＂ In a similar fashion, Xu Shen 許慎, in Shuowen 說文, often exploited the close relation between names and courtesy names to interpret characters. In Chunqio mingzi jiegu 春秋名字解詁, Wang Yinzhi 王引之 collected three hundred names from the Zhou and Qin periods to illustrate the relations between names and courtesy names. Many scholars followed this approach afterwards. However, their works were preserved in various forms and aredifficult to collect. The purpose of Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi 周秦名字解詁彙釋, edited by Dr. Chou Fa-kao and published in 1958, was to supplement WangYinzhi's Chunqio mingzi jiegu with the scholarship done by twenty-two authors after Wang's work. In 1964, Dr. Chou further included the scholarship of another forty-five authors in Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi Bubian 周秦名字解詁彙釋補編. He also added his comments in this work, making this a significant milestone in the study of Chinese philology. Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi is also appended with the “Yiming mingzi jiegu 彝銘名字解詁,＂ written by Guo Moruo 郭沫若. Dr. Chou not only commented on Guo's text but also supplemented it with inscriptional sources. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of theory of the relations between names and courtesy names. It cites examples from the abundant sources collected by Dr. Chou in Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi and Zhou Qin Mingzi Jiegu Huishi Bubian and examines the arguments put forth by Guo Moruo in his “Yiming mingzi jiegu.＂ Furthermore, it will supplement previous scholarship by adding examples of paired names and courtesy names seen in newly excavated bronze inscriptions.