趙姨娘與賈探春的母女關係研究

The Mother-Daughter Relation between Zhao yi-niang and Jia tan-chun in Red Chamber Dreams

本文深入解析《紅樓夢》，指出歷來研究誤解的前提，並列舉相類的事件、人物互為驗證。經文本內證、中國傳統父權與階級文化下的「母權」分析，客觀審視趙姨娘與探春的母女衝突，並採母女關係為主軸探討探春人格形成。本文提出不同觀點認識趙姨娘與探春，更由人際關係的視角深入解讀《紅樓夢》呈現的社會文化、與階級制度下人性的扭曲。趙姨娘非十惡不赦之徒，她是被環境壓抑的可憐人，與生女探春互動不良實為無可奈何的悲劇。探春的確「無情」，她守禮教也反抗禮教，她的「無情」依循禮教要求與人情衝突而來。母女衝突不斷磨礪使探春早熟且具才能。禮教與人情失衡，也迫使她認清世族醜惡，由對生母的反感，進而產生性別反動，形成探春雅致的才情。

This paper intensively studies certain characters and events in the Red Chamber Dreams to elucidate assumptions that lead to many previous misreadings of this classic. With close textual reading, and an analysis of women's situatioin in traditional patriarchal and class culture, this study explores the mother-daughter conflicts between Jia tan-chun and Zhao yi-niang and how that shapes Tan-chun's personality. It finds that Zhao yi-niang is no villain, but a pitiful creature under oppression, her relation with the daughter tan-chun being a tragedy noone can save. Tan-chun is indeed ruthless, abiding moral codes and following the sway of human conflicts. She obeys yet resists ethical conventions. Conflicts between Tan-chun and her mother (Zhao) actually makes her mature and competent. The incongruity between moral codes and human feelings further sharpens her sense of the high families' vicious hideousness. Finally, Jia tan-chun's resentment to her natural mother induces her gender reaction, which indeed enhances her various talents.