豬肉及豬舌中Yersinia enterocolitica之汙染

Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Retail Pork and Porcine Tongue

自民國七十九年八月至八十年六月間，從臺灣地區之傳統市場、超級市場抽購260件豬肉及豬舌檢體，經增菌培養、分離後，使用VITEK微生物自動分析儀及API 20E腸內菌生化反應鑑定套組，進行Yersinia enlerocolilica之檢測。計有37件（14.2%）檢體檢出Y. enlerocolilica，豬肉的檢出率為14.9%、豬舌為13.4%，並無顯著差異。依檢體是否經加熱處理區分，則未經加熱調理及已加熱調理的檢體之檢出率分別為15.3%、10.9%。血清型分析顯示：16件檢體的Y. enlerocolilica屬常感染的血清型，且以O：5血清型菌最多。其常感染型血清型之Y. enlerocolilica均擁有脂解酶，在37℃培養大都具有自體凝集作用；其中分離自13件檢體的Y. enlerocolilica屬Nilehn's biotype 1，1件屬Nilehn's biotype 4，另分離自2件檢體的菌株無法以典型Nilehn's schema歸類。分離自這16件檢體的Y. enlerocolilica均對sulfadiazine具抗性，另有分離自9件檢體的菌株對ampicillin及分離自1件檢體的菌株對tetracycline亦具抗藥性，但均對aztreonam、ceftazidime、chloramphenicol、colistin、cefoxitin、carbenicillin、imipenem、kanamycin、streptomycin、gentamycin、tobramycin、ticarcillin敏感。而這些具常感染型血清型之Y. enterocolilica菌株中，有分離自12件檢體的菌株具有質體，4件檢體的菌株不具質體。

Two hundred and sixty raw and cooked samples of retail pork and porcine tongue were collected from local markets and supermarkets in Taiwan during August 1990 to June 1991. Yersinia enterocolitica strains were identified by a VITEK automicrobic system and API 20E kits after enrichment and selective plating procedures. It was isolated from 14.9% of the pork samples and from 13.4% of the porcine tongue samples with an overall rate of 14.2%. In addition, 15.3% of raw samples and 10.9% of cooked samples were contaminated with Y. enlerocolitica. The strains isolated from 16 of these 37 positive samples were of typical serotypes, and the 0:5 serotype strains were most frequently isolated. The serotypable Y. enterocolitica strains all possessed lipase, and most of strains exhibited autoagglutination when grown at 37℃ in tissue culture medium. Among 16 serotypable strains, thirteen strains were classified as Nilehn's biotype 1, one biotype 4, and the other two did not belong to any of Nilehn's biotype. All of these serotypable strains were resistant to sulfadizine. Nine were resistant to ampicillin, and one was resistant to tetracycline. All serotypable strains were susceptible to aztreonam, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, colistin, cefoxitin, carbenicillin, imipenem, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, and ticarcillin. Twelve of these sixteen serotypable strains carried plasmids.