市售黃連、黃耆及柴胡藥材之型態組織及化學鑑別

STUDIES ON PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF COPTIDIS RHIZOMA, ASTRAGALI RADIX AND BUPLEURI RADIX IN TAIWAN MARKET

本研究係蒐購本省市面之黃連、黃耆及柴胡藥材檢體，以形態組織及化學鑑別來鑑定其基原。其中黃連並加以其他兩種外觀不同之黃連藥材，經過組織切片鏡檢，以石細胞之有無及分佈情形，纖維素及導管之排列情形等比較，並以薄層層析法加以分析鑑別上述藥材檢體，結果計有三種基原：（1）黃連（川連、味連）─Coptis chinese Franch（2）雲南黃連一C. teeta Wall（3） 日本黃連─C. japonica Makino，而自市面蒐購之黃連藥材檢體則全為C. chinensis Franch。黃耆藥材經組織切片鏡檢，以皮部及木部纖維之多寡，石細胞及碳酸鈣梭晶之有無，並以薄層層析法分析結果，可分類成兩種基原：（1）內蒙黃耆─Astraga1us mongho1icus Bunge與黑皮耆（基原同上）。多序岩黃耆（市售品通稱為晉耆、紅耆）─Hedysarum polybotrys Hand-Mazz。柴胡藥材則加上中部地區蒐購之本柴胡及陽明山栽培之日本引進柴胡，經組織切片鏡檢，以其分泌道之有無及排列情形等加以比較，並以薄層層析法分析，將上述不同來源之藥材檢體，分類成三種基原：（1）北柴胡─Bup1eurum chinensis De. Candolle（2）三島柴胡B. falcatum L.（3）非Bupleurum屬之南柴胡代用品。而自市面蒐購之柴胡藥材檢體除本柴胡為南柴胡代用品外，餘均為北柴胡。

Thirty samples of Chinese herbs, including Coptidis Rhizoma, Astragali Radix and Bupleuri Radix, were purchased from Taiwan market during August to September, 1988. All of the samples were subjected to microspical examination and thin-layer chromatographic analysis for their botanical origins. Results showed that the origin of Coptidis Rhizoma was identified to be Coptis chinensis Franch. Astragal Radicies were belonged to Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Heysarum poly: botrys Hand-Mazz. and the last one, Bupleuri Radicies were classified to be Bupleurum Chinensis De. Candolle and a non- Bupleurum species.