藝術在社會工作教育與實務實施的運用

Application of Art in the Education and Practice of Social Work

社會工作與藝術的關係有從知識論加以闡釋，或將藝術視為一個媒介融入社會工作實務。前者主要將「藝術」視為與重視客觀和科學對比的實務知識；後者則是實務工作者運用戲劇、繪畫、舞蹈、音樂或手作工藝等藝術媒介於特定服務對象或社區之中。本文主要將藝術作為媒介，分別運用社區劇場、手作和繪畫與原住民、新住民和長者一起工作，同時省思研究者角色，探討如何運用藝術為介面與服務對象建立關係繼而有多面向的理解和互為主體，並檢視執行方案時所遇到的難題。此外，也探討藝術活動對參與者及研究者的影響及洞察，此即將藝術視為相對於科學知識的經驗，從集中耙梳參與者從其中獲取的默會知識和實務智慧，並對社會工作方法提出省思。研究發現，劇場透過身體展演了潛藏在記憶中的部落經驗和連結了族人；手作工藝與繪畫藉由成品述說自我經驗的同時也陶冶了身心、陪伴了彼此。社會工作與藝術的連結，讓參與其中者彼此激盪出許多新的可能；也可協助參與其中的個體生命經驗的交流與溝通，避免陷入慣性對問題模式的描繪和思考。雖然在執行過程中遇到一些難題，最終仍是回歸到社會工作關懷與關心服務對象的核心價值作思考和選擇。

The connection between social work and art can involve either epistemic explanations or art being treated as a medium applied in the practice of social work. The first of these predominantly sees art as a practical knowledge that is used in contrast with objective focuses and science. The latter, on the other hand, sees practitioners incorporating theatre, painting, dance, music, craftwork and other art media when working with target subjects or communities. Art is regarded as a medium in this paper, with community theatre work, craftwork and painting carried out with aborigines, immigrants and senior citizens. The role of the researcher is also reflected on, to explore how art can be utilised as an interface and form relationships with the target groups, resulting in multidimensional understanding and a mutual subjectivity. Issues encountered during project implementations are also examined, as are impacts and insights on the participants and researchers generated by art activities, regarding art as an experience that is comparable to scientific knowledge. Thoughts on the methodology applied in social work are then proposed through gathering and studying the tacit knowledge and practical wisdom the participants have gained from the activities. Studies have shown that theatres are able to unveil hidden memories of tribal experiences through physical expressions and thus connect the people of the tribes together. Craftwork and painting allow for the recounting of personal experiences through the artworks while positively nurturing the body and the mind and with companionship also formed during the process. New possibilities are sparked between the participants when social work and art are linked together, helping the individual participants to interact and communicate with others about their own experiences in life. This approach prevents the use of inertial thinking to describe and think about problems. Although obstacles emerge during the execution process, attention and concern are, ultimately, reverted back to the core values of the target groups, with the thoughts and the decisions made for the social work being conducted based on this focus.