老年人不同型態身體活動與憂鬱症狀關係之研究

Relationships between different types of physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults

流行病學研究顯示：從事規律的身體活動與降低老年人憂鬱風險相關，然而，不同身體活動型態如：運動與日常勞動，是否都與憂鬱症狀相關，則尚不清楚。本研究擬探討老年人不同型態身體活動與憂鬱症狀之關係。資料是以國民健康局所辦理的「2005年國民健康訪問調查」之資料進行分析。對象為台灣地區65歲以上之老年人（n=2,727）。該調查要求填答者分別回答是否有參與「運動」與「費力性勞動」。本研究進一步將身體活動型態區分為四大類：「有勞動有運動」、「無勞動有運動」、「有勞動無運動」、「無勞動無運動」。憂鬱症狀則依憂鬱症量表（Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D-10）之篩檢結果，總分30分。CES_D≧10則界定有憂鬱症狀。控制變項包括人口統計變項、健康狀況、生活行為進行統計分析。以卡方、及羅吉斯迴歸進行統計分析。結果顯示，以「有勞動及有運動」為參照組，身體活動型態為「無勞動無運動」者（AOR=3.08;CI=1.92-4.98）、「有勞動無運動」者（AOR=1.91; CI=1.09-3.35），其罹患憂鬱症狀風險較高。在老年族群中，不同身體活動型態與憂鬱症狀有關聯性存在。即便有參與勞動但無從事運動之老年人，罹患憂鬱症的風險仍較有運動者高，顯示規律運動對於老年人心理健康的重要性。

Epidemiologic research showed that the regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of depressive symptom in older adults. However, it is equivocal whether different types of physical activity are independently associated with depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between exercise, vigorous labor and depressive symptoms among older adults. The data was derived from the 2005 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. A total of 2,727 persons aged 65 and older adults were recruited. Participants were asked 'whether they have engaged in exercise or vigorous labor over the last two weeks'. Based on their responses, four categories of activity status were created (exercise and labor, exercise only, labor only, and none of exercise and labor). Depressive symptoms (outcome) were measured by the CESD-10 (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale). The sum of the 10 items has a potential range of 0 to 30.Participants with scores greater than 10 were classified as having depressive symptoms. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables (gender, age, educational attainment, marital status, income), lifestyle behaviors (drinking and smoking) and health status (Activity of daily living, body mass index, Chronic conditions), multivariate logistic regression models for predicting symptoms were performed to compute adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the four categories of physical activity respectively. Participants with 'none of exercise and labor' had higher risk of depressive symptoms (AOR=3.08; CI=1.92-4.98), followed by those with 'labor only'(AOR=1.91; CI=1.09-3.35). Different types of physical activity are associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. Participants engaging in vigorous labor without participate in exercise had an increased risk of depressive symptoms, suggesting the importance of regular exercise for improving mental health in aged populations.