十六世紀閩南語指示詞的語法化現象

Grammaticalization of Demonstratives in Sixteenth Century Southern Min

閩南語指示詞分近指與遠指兩種，近指詞聲母為“ts”，遠指詞聲母為“h”。本文以十六世紀閩南語指示詞的語法化現象作為探討主題，共探討「只」、「拙」、「障」、「許」、「向」五個指示詞。「語法化」（grammaticalization）指實詞轉為虛詞的過程，近來語意學家發現情感性（主觀性）成分在語法化過程有漸增的傾向，即說話者的主觀態度在語法化越後期越顯重要。本文據此整理指示詞語料，依照空間＞時間＞程度＞篇章與情感功能的順序從事由具體到抽象的階段觀察，探討其結構格式、主觀性與語法化現象。本文嘗試從語意學的角度觀察《荔鏡記》指示詞的語法化，期待諸項發現能提供閩南語指示詞研究更多元的面向。

Demonstratives in Southern Min fall into two types: (1) proximal demonstratives with the initial ts- and (2) distal demonstratives with the initial h-. This paper aims at exploring the grammaticalization of demonstratives, in particular 只, 拙, 障, 許 and 向, in sixteenth century Southern Min. Grammaticalization denotes a process of changing lexemes into grammatical function words. Demonstratives in recent studies show an inevitable gradual increase of affect or subjectivity, viz., an ever increasing prominence of subjectivity on the part of speakers in grammaticalization. Based on authentic data the paper explores constructions, subjectivity and grammaticalization in terms of the hierarchy of space > time > scale > textual & expressive function epitomizing a tendency to abstractness from concreteness. In sum, it tries to capture semantic aspects of the grammaticalization of demonstratives in Li jing ji 荔鏡記 in the hope that the findings will add further dimensions to the research into demonstratives in Southern Min.