唐宋之際北部灣沿海交通發展

The Coastal Traffic of the Beibu Bay during the Tang-Song Periods

北部灣由今日中國廣西、海南島以及越南北部環繞而成，灣內沿海航線是兩漢時聯絡交趾與南海貿易必經之路。一般史家以為南海遠洋航線興起後，北部灣沿海自當隨即沒落，實際上卻因唐中期嶺南通往交州陸路被西原蠻阻絕，環北部灣的沿海交通反而出現高峰期，迨交趾為南詔攻下，廉州海門的軍事活動更造成沿海航線異常繁榮。宋朝時安南獨立建國，但「凡交趾生生之具，具仰於欽。」欽州取代廉州，成為貢使界首、沿海邊防與商業貿易的主要港口。北部灣東面則因海南島的經濟開發，形成兼具「米牛民生物資供應，檳榔吉貝經濟作物交易，賈胡南海香料貿易」的運輸線。可見唐宋之際，北部灣沿海航路繁忙如故，僅是交通對象與輸運內容有所轉變而已。

Beibu Bay was surrounded by Guangxi Province, Hainan Island, China, and Northern Vietnam, with its coastal courses serving as busy trade routes connecting Jiaozhou and the South China Sea in the Han Dynasty. In the Tang and Song Dynasty, trade along Beibu Bay routes prospered even when new ocean routes detouring Hainan Island had started to develop since the Three Kingdoms Era. In the Tang Dynasty, the port of Lianzhou became the supply center and the gathering point for armies due to the frequent rebellions by Xi-Yuan barbarians. Even setting out from Guangzhou, ships must sail along the coast of Beibu Bay via Lianzhou and Qinzhou to arrive Jiao Prefecture. In the Song Dynasty, Annan founded an independent state on the west side of Beibu Bay, so the coastal cities of Qinzhou officially became the location of bilateral trade. Meanwhile, the economy of Hainan Island had seen rapid growth, which lead to the prosperity of the trade routes along the east side of Beibu Bay.