從洪堡特語言哲學傳統論在漢語中的漢字思維

Preface: Characters and Thinking

自十九世紀歷史比較語法學的漢語研究以來，相對於印歐語的屈折語與拼音文字形態，漢語的孤立語與漢字的圖形文字形態所代表的語言世界觀，對於人類的精神表現究竟其有何種特殊的意義，就一直是個難解的謎題。本文將透過洪堡特語言學的文字學轉向，說明在恩德利希爾（S. Endlicher）、史坦塔爾（H. Steinthal）與馮特（W. Wundt）等人的持續努力下，漢字作為音義同構的思想記號，如何能有助於漢語的理解。本文並將由此凸顯，一些重要的議題，如漢語與漢字具有語音與手勢互補性的語言完善性，及其強調世界理解的身體建構性等，之所以沒有得到重視，其原因即在於印歐語之語音中心主義、主知主義與邏各斯中心主義的語言學偏見。對於透過語言以理解人類精神的整體表現，漢字思維因而佔有關鍵性的地位。

The linguistic world view engendered from the relatively isolated Chinese language and its ideographic writing system has been of great interest in historical comparative linguistics since the 19^(th) century. This paper draws upon Humboldt's changing ideas regarding writing systems, subsequently developed by Endlicher, Steinthal, and Wundt, to explain how the Chinese script aids comprehension of the Chinese language. This serves to highlight the phonocentrism, intellectualism, and logocentrism of Indo-European languages that thwart us from seeing the systematic completeness of the Chinese language. The reader will then also see why the mode of thinking engendered from the Chinese script is crucial to understanding how the human spirit manifests as a whole through language.