清代補續《事類賦》著作考略－－兼說清代科舉政策對「詩材」類著作出版的影響

Qing Dynasty Supplements and Sequels to the 'Shilei fu' and the Influence of Imperial Examination Policies on the Publication of Poetics Materials

宋人吳淑撰注的《事類賦》，作為一本小型類書，在中國古代社會流傳甚廣。降及清代，相繼出現幾種補續之作，有華希閔《廣事類賦》、吳世旃《廣廣事類賦》、王鳳喈《績廣事類賦》和張均《事類賦補遺》等。晚清，廣州林意誠又將上述五種「事類」著作，按照目類整合，重編為《事類統編》。吳氏原著及補續、合刊本，形成事類賦系列著作，在清代中後期頗為流行，有多家書坊爭相翻印刊行。正是清代庶常散館考試用賦，及康、雍、乾三朝開博學鴻詞科，和自乾隆朝始的科舉考試律詩，刺激讀書界為了準備參加科舉考試和「潤色鴻業」，而對「詩材」和「對偶」類應試參考書的大量需求，進而帶動這些著作熱印風行。考察清代《事類賦》及補續系列著作的出版刊行，不僅可從文獻上正本清源，糾正此前的一些錯誤，更為我們理解清代「科舉參考」書的編纂、增補、出版、閱讀等情況，以及科考制度與書籍出版之間的互動，提供了一條線索，並由此可探求清代中後期書籍出版市場的一些典型情狀。

The Song dynasty work ”Shilei fu” 事類賦, written by Wu Shu 吳淑, is a small ”leishu” (類書 categorized reference work) that was in wide circulation during the Ming and Qing dynasties. A succession of five supplements and sequels to the Shilei fu appeared during the Qing dynasty: Hua Ximin's 華希閔 ”Guang shilei fu” 廣事類賦; Wu Shizhan's 吳世旃 ”Guangguang shilei fu” 廣廣事類賦; Wang Fengjie's 王鳳喈 ”Xu guang shilei fu” 續廣事類賦; and Zhang Jun's 張均 ”Shilei fu buyi” 事類賦補遺. In the late Qing, Lin Yicheng 林意誠 from Guangzhou 廣州combined these five books to produce the ”Shilei tongbian” 事類統編. These books together with Wu Shu's original form a series of reference books written in fu (賦 poetic essay) form that were in vogue during the Qing dynasty. Printers and publishers vied with each other to reprint these books, which had become highly popular for three reasons: In the Qing dynasty, to obtain official posts Hanlin 翰林 bachelors were required to sit a higher civil service examination that tested their ability to write in fu form; secondly, in the early Qing a special examination called the ”boxue hongci” 博學鴻詞was introduced to recruit men of outstanding literary talent; finally, during the reign of Qianlong 乾隆, the imperial examinations began requiring candidates to write in lüshi 律詩form. This stimulated a great public demand for reference books that employed poetry and parallelism making them useful for exam preparation, and drove the subsequent popularity of such works. By investigating the printing and publishing of ”Shilei fu” and its supplements and sequels, we can not only make a thorough review of these books, correcting past errors, but also provide a clue to understanding the compilation, supplementation, publishing, and reading of imperial examination reference books and the interaction between the examination system and book publishing. This will allow us to investigate some typical circumstances existing in the book publishing market in the mid-to-late Qing.