宋代筆記與《江談抄》的體裁－－說話與筆記的界限

Song Dynasty Biji and the Style of the Godansho:The Boundary between Oral Literature and Note-Form Literature

大江匡房（1041-1111）是日本平安晚期最積極與北宋接觸的漢學碩儒，他曾在貿易重鎮的大宰府任官，並從北宋商人口中打聽、蒐集北宋的相關訊息。強烈意識著鄰國動向的大江匡房認為漢詩文作品能得到北宋的認同，是能在本國誇耀的榮譽。日本學界從他的言行推測他的作品或許與北宋有著某種連繫存在。筆者調查他晚年一本語錄體著述《江談抄》發現此書的體裁與北宋筆記有共通的形態與特質。目前《江談抄》的研究多以「言談的記錄」或「單篇記事的中日典故考察」為主，未見針對整體構成進行全面的分析考察。學者提出《江談抄》與宋筆記的體裁研究，是希望能從另一個視點，尋得不同的可能性或解答。本文將透過整體的分析，探討《江談抄》一書與北宋文學之間的關聯。由於《江談抄》在現今的日本文學中歸類於「說話文學」，因此相關內容也將一併納入討論。

Oe Masafusa 大江匡房 (1041-1111) was a late Heian-era 平安期 Japanese scholar accomplished in the study of Chinese classics, who actively sought contact with the Northern Song. He was made a high-ranking official in Dazaifu 太宰府, an important trading tow n, which enabled him to gather information concerning the Northern Song from visiting merchants. Acutely aware of trends in its neighbor across the water, Oe believed that if his Chinese prose and poetry works could only gain their recognition, it would bring him honor at home. From his words and deeds, Japanese researchers have presumed some possible connections exist between his works and the Northern Song. This survey of his late quotation-style work, the Godansho 江談抄, reveals that its literary sty le shares commonalities in character and form with Northern Song dynasty note-form literature. Current research of the Godansho chiefly focuses on it as a record of discourse or as a single volume of records for studying Chinese and Japanese classical allusions. There has not yet been a comprehensive survey and analysis of its composition as a whole. In comparing the Godansho stylistically with Northern Song note-form literature, this study adopts an alternative perspective in order to seek out different possibilities and explanations. Through thorough analysis, this research will also investigate the connections between the Godansho and the literature of the Northern Song dynasty. Today categorized as a work of Japanese setsuwa (說話 oral literature), discussion of the Godansho in this respect will also be integrated.