元代“書會”研究

The Study of Yuan Dynasty's Shuhui

元代「書會」是劇作家聚合的場所，也是劇本發行的場所，他們構成的分子，稱謂「才人」。「書會」從北宋宣和年代南戲《溫州雜劇》肇始，至明宣德年間（1119-1432）仍有紀錄可考；現代山東省惠民縣胡集鎮，還保存一個古老書會，叫做「胡集書會」，藝人濟濟一堂，據稱「至今已有近千年的歷史。」書會歷史悠久，族群廣泛，根據曲籍探索者，有「古杭書會」、「九山書會」「御京書會」、「玉京書會」、「元貞書會」、「武林書會」等等。元代大戲劇家關漢卿就是「玉京書會」的巨擘，其他如白樸、馬致遠、庾吉甫等，都是「燕趙才人」。最後，在一個古劇本中，發現一個「才人」的自述，使我們對「書會」成員品格，更深一層認知。

The Yuan Dynasty's Shuhui was the location of playwrights' gathering and dramas issued. Shuhui was started from WenCho Play, and these are some records found out during 1119-1432. Base on the researchers of the Yuan Dynasty's verse, Shuhui could be divided into ”Ku-Hung Shuhui”, ”Chuo-Shan Shuhui”, ”Yu-Jing Shuhui”, ”Yuan-Jan Shuhui”, and ”Wu-Lin Shuhui.” According to the narration of cairen (talented writers), we could recognize the personalities of the members of ”Shuhui.”