舊文物，新認同──《四庫全書》與民國時期的文化政治

Old Documents, New Identities: 'The Siku Quanshu' and Cultural Politics in Republican China

編纂《四庫全書》是清代重要的知識和文化活動之一。這部叢書的命運並非止於清代，在民國時仍然備受矚目。它自象徵朝廷事業的光榮，成為國家文物；經由印刷、出版和傳布，被賦予傳承「國粹」的文化功能，化身為新的民族國家之認同。本文以四部份進行論證。首先，從文物到出版品的歷程，討論《四庫全書》失去舊王朝所具備的神聖意義。第二部份探究出版事業的政治性，以商務印書館為例，隨著1920年代的「圖書館運動」、國民政府的「中央化」機關建置以及日本侵華等因素，文物出版的工作因此提供新的認同基礎，同時開啟選印《四庫全書》的契機。第三部份針對1933年刊印《四庫全書》的爭論，釐清知識專業化在國家建設中的影響。最後，連結《四庫全書》的角色到戰爭與民族主義間的關係，強化認同之意義。具體而論，《四庫全書》在民國時期的軌跡，實為一部二十世紀中國蛻變為民族國家的歷史。

The compilation of ”The Complete Library in Four Treasuries” (Siku Quanshu, SKQS) was one of the most important intellectual and cultural activities of the Qing dynasty. The significance of this enormous compliation was not limited to the Qing dynasty, but remained central to Republican China. Originally a symbol of imperial glory, the SKQS become an item of national heritage. This article first outlines the process from documents to publication in which the SKQS lost its original sacred significance. Second, it discusses the politics of the publishing industry in a time of nationalism and war, during which publication of the SKQS contributed to national identity. Third, this article analyses the effect of knowledge professionalization in the process of state-building in the 1933 publication of the SKQS. Finally, SKQS is linked directly to the relationship between war and nationalism in strengthening Chinese national identity. The history of the SKQS in the Republican era was integral to China's transformation into a nation-state.