台北市國中學生身體活動、改變階段與相關因素之研究

The Stage of Change and its Influential Determinants of Junior High Schools Students' Physical Activity

目的：本研究旨在探討七年級國中生身體活動、改變階段及其影響因素。研究方法：採簡單隨機取樣臺北市某二所國中七年級學生為研究對象，為橫斷面調查，有效問卷243 份。結果：本研究顯示，研究對象無規律身體活動約佔五成，過重及肥胖共57 人（23.3％），三日身體活動為36.42 大卡（Kcal/kg/ day），假日看電視「4 小時以上」（24.8﹪）與用電腦「1-2 小時以內」（40.3﹪）比平日多一倍。本研究顯示，研究對象維持其身體活動自我效能(4.93)、身體活動利益(3.28)與身體活動態度(4.82)顯著高於無意圖期，身體活動自我效能(r=.25，P＜.01)和身體活動利益(r=.13，P＜.05)與身體活動正相關，身體活動障礙(r=-.22，P＜.01)與身體活動負相關。多元迴歸分析共可解釋變異量24﹪，自我效能（β= .17，P＜.01）、平日使用電腦四-五小時（β= -.27，P＜.05）與運動器材（β= .35，P＜.05）為重要預測變項。結論：本研究顯示，對象過半無規律身體活動。身體活動自我效能、知覺利益、知覺障礙和運動器材為身體活動重要影響因素。每日使用螢幕媒介四-五小時會明顯降低身體活動。建議教育介入應提升學生身體活動自我效能、知覺利益和運動器材，降低知覺障礙，適當規範使用螢幕媒介時間。

The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with the stages of change for physical activity in adolescents. Data came from a structured questionnaire administered through a simple random sampling technique to 243 junior high schools 7th-grade students. Result show approximately 50.6 % of adolescents reported undertaking PA irregularly. 23.3 % were overweight and obese (n=57), the amount of physical activity was 36.42 (Kcal/kg/ day）. Overall, 24.8% and 40.3% of students watched TV( more than 4 h a day) and computer use ( 1-2 h a day) on holidays more than during school days. Subjects in the maintenance stage had significantly higher levels self-efficacy of PA (4.93), perceived benefits of PA (3.28) and attitude of PA (4.82) than pre-contemplators. self-efficacy of PA (r=.25，P＜.01) and perceived benefits of PA (r=.13，P＜.05) were positive associated with overall PA, perceived barriers(r=-.22，P＜.01) were negative associated with PA. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between physical activity and possible correlates. Collectively, all variables explained 24% of the variance in PA, the self-efficacy of PA (β= .17，P ＜.01) , PA equipment (β= .35，P＜.05) and use of computer 4-5 h/day (β= -.27，P＜.05) were significant positive predictors of PA. Conclusion: Increasing self-efficacy of PA, perceived benefit of PA, PA equipment, computer usage management but also with reduce perceived barriers of PA are effective way, to increase physical activity among junior high schools 7th-grade students in early stages of change toward action and maintenance.