論中國羈押審查制度改革的四重邏輯

The Four Major Logics of China's Detention Review System Reform

我國羈押審查制度變遷歷程遵循著“固守格局”“科層內控”“增量配設”和“邊緣調整”四種改革邏輯。對公安偵查案件的逮捕審查，公檢法系統採取“固守格局”邏輯；對自偵案件的逮捕審查，檢察機關堅持檢察審查原則，改採“上提一級”方案，遵循著“科層內控”的進路；對於2012年《刑事訴訟法》增設的捕後羈押審查制度，由於強制措施變更主體仍由公檢法三機關分段共用，檢察院捕後複審之後只能建議其他機關改變羈押，該制度屬於“增量配設”模式，僅僅是一種意義有限的“邊緣調整”。在這些改革策略下，刑事司法機關能動性機制得以維繫，而權利話語則艱難地實踐。未來司法改革仍有賴於更多元化的立法決策主體的平等參與和理性互動。

The reform of procuratorial review model is the major legal issue during the last 30 years. There are four kinds of reform logic. In terms of the reform of arrest review system for the cases investigated by public security organ, the logic of 'maintaining status quo' was adopted. Regarding the reform of arrest review system for the duty crime cases, the review agency was changed into the upper-level procuratorate, which reflected the logic of 'bureaucratic control' rather than external control. The revised Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 added the post-arrest detention review system. As other judicial agencies were not restrained to the decision of the review agency (the people's procuratorate), this change was just a kind of 'incremental reform' and 'marginal adjustment'. Due to the four reform tactics, the procuratorial review model and the enabling power of judicial agencies were reserved and the defendants right was neglected. The potential judicial reform still depends on the achievement of equal participation and rational interaction among the multiple interest groups.