論嵇康公私之理在當代倫理教育的回應與運用

Discussion on the Contemporary Ethics Education: Using Ji Kang's Theory of Public and Self

本文的研究動機是由於鄭捷「無條件殺人」案件所引發，促使筆者思索當代推動倫理教育的過程，在提升學子們關注社會發展的同時，我們對於個別個體是否願意顯露內心真正的感受或想法，值得再做深入的考察。由於，筆者注意到魏晉時期的嵇康，提出以個體是否顯露自己的真實想法，作為「公私之理」的判準。由此，本文嘗試以此來回應當代公民教育與社會正義的問題，以三個部分進行論述：首先，說明嵇康公私之理的涵義──嵇康提出不同傳統將「公」視為公眾、公平的意義，而以「顯情無措」為公、「匿情抱隱」為私，重新賦予公私之理的判準。第二，關於倫理在群體落實的層面，嵇康式的公私之理突顯了君子與小人的差異，賦予追求理想人格「君子」的意義。第三，關於倫理在個人落實的層面，根據嵇康式的公私之理，我們不再將倫理的範疇僅聚焦於公眾或群體來說，而能擴及關懷每個生命個體所面臨的實存困境，增加發現個體思維異常的可能性。綜合來說，嵇康式的公私之理提供我們以正面、客觀的態度，面對所有願意表露心態的個別個體，如此我們當有機會針對個別個體表達的內容，進行關注與輔導。

In 2014, there was a shocking news about a 21-year-old student allegedly killed four people and injured 22 in a random killing spree on a train of the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system's Bannan Line. This news induced me to reflect on the contemporary moral education at Taiwanese colleges. When we consider the development of college students, at the same time, we should pay attention to each individual, especially the person's emotions. Therefore, this paper will attempt to quote Ji Kang's theory of public and self to argue the importance of concerning people's personal emotion. Ji Kang's theory of public and self emphasizes that people express personal emotion. Ji Kang believes that we can distinguish between persons of noble character and villains according to who exhibits personal emotions. Ji Kang believes that someone who exhibits more personal emotions is a person that does not intend to hide something. Thus, Ji Kang considers that individuals show emotion lead to noble characteristics. According to Ji Kang's theory, I believe that Contemporary Ethics Education can promote concerns of each individual and take care of individual's mental well-being as soon as possible.