長期照護人員職業倦怠與自覺健康之關聯性研究

The Correlation between Nursing Staff’s Burnout and Self-rated Health at Long-term Care Facilities

目的：本研究目的為調查服務於長期照護機構的照護人員職業倦怠與自覺健康現況，分析不同背景變項對職業倦怠與自覺健康之差異，並探討其關聯性。方法：研究對象為本國籍長期照顧機構之女性工作人員，以橫斷式、立意取樣中臺灣11家機構。問卷設計為結構式，內容包含3大部分：個人基本資料、職業倦怠量表及自覺健康量表。共計發放450份問卷，有效回收為321份。結果：受訪者職業倦怠以低落的成就感層面情況最嚴重，主要發現年齡輕、教育程度高、工作時間不固定的兼職人員及照顧愈多住民，愈容易發生職業倦怠。常見自覺健康的危害在一般疾病及手部較多，尤以年齡大、教育程度較低、全職的照顧服務員。長期照護人員的職業倦怠與自覺健康呈顯著正相關，即職業倦怠情況愈高造成的健康問題就愈多。結論：應加強照護人員對工作環境的適應及適當調配勞務工作時間及職務，以減少職業倦怠的發生。讓從事照護工作的身心健康傷害降至最低，才能提升照護服務品質。

Purposes: The aims of this study were to survey nursing staff at long-term care (LTC) facilities to determine the relationships among background, burnout, and self-rated health. Methods: By cross-sectional and purposive sampling, subjects were selected from female Taiwanese staff at 11 LTC facilities in central Taiwan. The structured questionnaire consisted of three main parts: personal background, Burnout Inventory, and self-rated health scales. We sampled 450 staff and 321 completed responses were collected for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the most common manifestation of burnout was “lack of personal accomplishment” by respondents. The principal findings suggested that nursing staff who were younger, had higher levels of education, worked part-time, and cared for a higher number of residents had higher levels of burnout. The most reported signs of physical distress appeared to be in the hands and as common ills, especially in older, less educated, and full-time nursing assistants. Staff burnout and self-rated health were significantly positively correlated. Nursing staff with higher initial levels of burnout later reported more physical health complaints. Conclusions: The primary focus of burnout reduction should be to enhance the capacity of nursing staff to cope with the workplace and the deployment of working hours and duties. After interventions that minimize physical and mental problems are implemented, the quality of care services can be improved.