聽力障礙者生活品質及其相關因素之探討

Hearing Impairment and Life Quality Related Factors

本研究目的在探討聽障者之生活品質影響因素，研究母體群為在台中某區域教學醫院耳鼻喉科門診之聽障病患，以立意取樣方式，選取78名聽力障礙者為研究對象，於93年4月5日至93年5月5日，進行生活品質及聽覺輔具面對面訪談調查，共回收78份問卷，研究工具參考WHOQOL量表及聽覺輔具滿意度加以修正，其信度α值為0.91，經由兩位資深耳鼻喉科臨床醫師，一位耳鼻喉科護理師協助問卷內在ㄧ致性之專家效度檢定。結果發現聽障病患在戴助聽器、喜歡自己、關心及了解、疲勞、性生活、自殺意念、爭執、影響升遷為顯著問題，在變項分析中得知年齡愈大，希望關心及了解的需求愈高，未婚及喪偶者在情緒及人際社交上不穩定，不肯使用助聽器的人情緒反應多為負向。且聽障者肯使用助聽器者僅39.7﹪，受教育有顯著影響僅20.5﹪的人完成專科以上教育，就業影響僅45.1﹪的人有工作但收入3萬元以上者僅23﹪，證明聽障者是社會中弱勢族群，希望經由研究結果可了解影響聽障者生活品質的因素提供醫療機構及社會福利對聽障者之參考，也讓護理人員了解面對聽障者所需提供之適切服務。

The purpose of this research study is to discuss the factors that affect the living quality of people with hearing impairment. The sample was taken from a group of hearing impaired patients of the ENT department of a regional instructional hospital. 78 hearing impaired patients were selected by random sampling to be studied in this research. From April 5th, 2004 to May 5th, 2004, an interview study method was applied to the selected sample regarding to their living style and hearing aids. There were total 78 returned surveys as result. The research tool was referred to WHOQOL scale, and modified to hearing aid satisfaction. α value of reliability is 0.91. A senior ENT clinical doctor and a senior ENT nurse both participated in checking the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. The result of this research showed that with the hearing aids, items “self-liking”, “caring”, “understanding”, “fatigue”, “sex life”, “ suicidal thoughts”, “conflicts”, and “career promotion” showed to be the more obvious problems for the patients. In this research, dual-factor analysis showed that the older that age of patients, the more care and need to be understood are needed; unmarried and widowed patients showed to be unstable with their emotions and social life. Patientsthat object to use hearing aids tended to respond more negatively to those questions in this research. dual-factor analysis showed that the older that age of patients, the more care and need to be understood are needed; unmarried and widowed patients showed to be unstable with their emotions and social life. Patients that object to use hearing aids tended to respond more negatively to those questions in this research. Additionally, 39.7% individuals from the sample patients have acquired hearing aids in the past; 20.5% individuals from the sample received college or higher education; 45.1% were employed; 23% were paid more than NT30, 000 monthly. These statistics showed that patients with hearing impairment are the minority in the community. The result of this research could be used as a reference to further research to hearing impairment patients’ care as well as establish and ensure proper nursing diagnosis during patient care.