日華斷交後的雙邊航權交涉（1972-1975）

The Bilateral Negotiations of Airline after Japan and the Republic of China Broke off Diplomatic Relations, 1972-1975

1971年中華民國退出聯合國後，日本旋即於1972年與其斷交，並與中華人民共和國建立外交關係。但在日本「政經分離」的外交政策下，中華民國與日本仍然維持著經貿、航空等實質關係。領空權為二十世紀象徵國家主權的新指標之一。因此對於不斷強調臺灣是中國一部分的中共，以及在國際上追求國家主權認同的中華民國而言，航空權極具政治意義。這對於強調臺灣為其領土的中共來說，自然不樂見日華間仍有實質關係存在，故其在與日本簽訂各項實質協定的同時，也要求日本斷絕與中華民國的各項實質協定。因此，對日航空問題也成了兩岸在日中建交後，在日本所展開的外交角力戰。本文將運用臺北與東京的一手史料，從中華民國的角度出發，探討中華民國的考量與決策層面。希冀能重新理解日華斷交後，雙邊之航權交涉，並提供另一種觀察的視角。

After the Republic of China withdrawn from the United Nations in 1971, Japan broke off diplomatic relations immediately in 1972 and established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. But under the Japanese diplomatic policy—“The separation of politics and economics”, the Republic of China and Japan still maintained the pragmatic relations such as trade and aviation. Since Freedoms of the air became new national symbolization in the 20th century, the People’s Republic of China constantly emphasizes, that Taiwan is their territory. At the same time, the Republic of China also seeks its national recognition in the world. Therefore, the Freedoms of the air are full of political meaning. The government of People’s Republic of China is reluctant to accept the pragmatic relations between Japan and the Republic of China, because it wants to emphasize that Taiwan is an integral part of their territory. As a result, when Beijing concluded with Japanese government, simultaneously, the People’s Republic of China also asked Japan to break off any pragmatic relations with the Republic of China. Therefore, after the People’s Republic of China and Japan established diplomatic relations, the question of aviation became a diplomatic battlefield between Taipei and Beijing in Japan. This essay will use the archives in Taiwan and Tokyo, and use the approach of the Republic of China as a base in order to explain the pattern of making strategic decisions in the Republic of China. The aim of this essay is to re-understand the bilateral negotiations after Japan and the Republic of China broke off diplomatic relations.