試論民間法介入調解的正當性－－以陝西隴縣「一村（社區）一法官」制為例

Try to Talk about the Legitimacy of Folk Law Involved in Mediation: A Case Study on the 'a village (community) a judge' system in Longxian Shaanxi province

「民間法」即民間規則，是人民群眾在長期實踐中形成的具有一定約束力的自治規則，表現為道德性和可接受性的統一。當今大陸司法界，尤其是基層司法界，普遍堅持法律多元主義。在尊重國家法的前提下，借鑒民間習慣、公序良俗、道德律令等規則。這決定於大陸區域政治、經濟、文化以及民族的差異，更與當今中國大陸基層司法工作人員普遍素質欠缺是有關係的。2007年陝西省寶雞市隴縣首創了「一村（社區）一法官」制度，要求法官深入基層，通過調解定紛止爭。至今在法官的實踐中已經形成一套比較成熟的民間法調解範式，有效地補充了國家法在基層落實的不足。一時間，如江蘇姜堰、山東東營、廣東廣州等城市均對此進行了效仿，因地制宜，做到了社會效益和法律效益的統一。就理論研究而言，現階段大陸學者對於民間法介入司法的研究，主要集中於制度總體運行的層面，或者注重制度中諸單獨要素的研究，而不注重具體個案的規範性研究。而在西方，由於城市化水平較高，無法對應中國大陸的鄉土語境。因此，本文章通過歷史的與實證的方法，介紹民間法介入司法調解的歷史沿革以及隴縣的制度經驗。並通過個案歸納，進而借助「正當性論證公式」進行演繹，嘗試提出民間法介入國家調解的一般性範式。

Folk law', meaning the folk rules, is formed in the long-term practice of the people with a certain binding autonomy rules, present the character as the unity of morality and acceptability. Nowadays, in the area of justice in the mainland, people commonly insist on Pluralism of law, taking the observance of the law of the nation as an assumption, using Customs, Public Orders and Ethics as reference, which is decided by region-difference of politic, economy, culture and ethnic. And it is also connected with the low standard of Judicial Officers in substratum. Pioneered in Baoji of Shaanxi province in 2007,the regionalization of the 'a village (community) a judge' system asks a judge to the grass-roots level, solve disputes through mediation . In the practice of the judge has formed a relatively consummate folk law mediation paradigm, effectively supplement the deficiency of the nation law at the grassroots level. As for the theory studies, scholars in our country at present stage are mainly concentrated on the study of folk law in the general judicial level in system operation, or the single elements in the system, lacking in the legitimacy of case study research . However, in the Western World, due to the high standard of urbanization, there exist no possibility to match the 'native soil' of the mainland .This article, through historical and empirical methods, introduces the history of the folk law in the judicial mediation and the experience of Longxian, at the same time using the analysis method to analyze the legitimacy of the system.