透視「安全性行為」概念於校園愛滋病防治策略之全貌

A Review on the Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies of AIDS: An Application of 'Safe Sexual behaviors' Concept

愛滋病、癌症與憂鬱症是新世紀公共衛生三大疾病，其中最可怕莫過於愛滋病，有世紀黑死病之稱且為全球最關切的健康議題。世界衛生組織宣佈亞洲地區是下一個愛滋病感染嚴重疫區，臺灣即瀰漫在這股流行傳染病陰影之中。愛滋病的可怕不容忽視，其已經摧毀諸多家庭並影響社區衛生安全與國家整體經濟發展。由於愛滋病目前尚無根治之道，故愛滋病防治重點以預防與診斷為主，防治是增強人體最有效的免疫力，亦是防止愛滋病毒入侵最好方法之一。知識與行為之間具相關性，若沒有獲得愛滋防治相關知識，即無法實踐「安全性行為」，而知識雖不能立即改變行為，但可經由累積知識來催化行為的改變。本文試圖以安全性行為概念、愛滋病及防治策略等文獻進行彙整分析，希冀能強化學生對愛滋病防治健康議題的關注及有正確的認知，方以作為教育及衛生教育機構愛滋防治策略推廣之參考。

AIDS has been the number one killer in the world for several years and regarded as the Black Death of the century. AIDS is now a popular issue in Health Domain, much more than cancer and melancholia. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares that AIDS will become an acute problem in Asia. Taiwan is one of the countries now be threatened by the sexually transmitted disease. The disease has destroyed innumerable families and affected the hygienic safety of community and nation's economic development, which implies that the invasion of AIDS is indeed an important issue that people must face. Due to the fact that AIDS is still remained incurable, the focus of AIDS prevention is on precaution and diagnosis. Prevention is the best way to enhance one's immunity against virus. However, one's behavior correlates closely with one's knowledge, so people will not have safe sexual behaviors in practice until they have profound understanding of AIDS. Although knowledge cannot make instantly change in one's behaviors, it will make through the accumulation of knowledge. Therefore, this paper conducts a synthetic review to analyze the relationship between safe sexual behaviors and AIDS to work out feasible preventive strategies. This paper also makes some suggestions for related clinical organizations to deal with AIDS in the future.