中高齡智障者雙老家庭之親子家園居住模式可行性分析

Feasibility Analysis of the Homestead for Older Two-Generation Families: Older People with Intellectual Disability and Their Older Parents

台灣中高齡智障者雙老家庭數量逐年攀升，這些雙老家庭在此生命階段所須承擔的生理、心理與社會的壓力不同以往，然而其雖面臨如此的壓力，但卻往往因著責任面、情感面以及現實面等交雜因素，選擇持續照顧其智障子代，並對宜居模式有著「安身」、「安生」與「安心」的想望。故本研究構思親子家園模式，企圖滿足中高齡智障者雙老家庭對於「三安」的期待，並爰此訪談十九位研究參與者，包括八位中高齡智障者的父母、八位實務工作，以及三位身障教養機構管理者。研究發現，此種新型模式可能出現適法性、身障機構意願、潛在使用者的接受度，以及社區鄰里接納度的考驗。因此，親子家園的構想是否能夠成真，係需要多方的配合，包括相關法規是否有更多的彈性與整合空間，以使得親子家園的模式於法有據；包括身心障礙機構是否可以稍稍降低對經營成本以及管理壓力的焦慮，在政府獎勵以及市場需求的誘因促動下，願意嘗試運作親子家園的模式；包括潛在使用者可否對於圓滿家庭的圖像以及對於習以為常的關係與環境慣性之態度有所鬆動；以及包括鄰里社區對於“非我族類”的接納度。

The amount of the older two-generation families that contain old parents and their children with intellectual disability has become higher and higher year by year. However, due to the complex mixed reasons such as the responsibilities, the affects and the actuality, while facing different levels of pressure loads, the parents still choose to take care of their intellectual disabled children continuously, with the hope of “body safety”, “life safety”, and “mind safety”, concerning the suitable mode of habitation. In light of this, concerning the “three safeties”, in order to fulfill the hope of the older two-generation families that contain old parents and their children with intellectual disability, this research has designed the mode of the homestead for parents and children, and has interviewed 19 research participants that include 8 parents who raise children with intellectual disability, 8 practitioners, and 3 managers of the institutions of the intellectual disabled people. The research finds that this new mode is subject to its legality, the will of institutions for people with physical disabilities, the acceptance of potential users, and the acceptance of the neighborhood. The realization of a homestead requires the existence of several factors, including the flexibility and integration of relevant laws and regulations which make the homestead lawfully recognized; the willingness of disability institutions to slightly reduce their operating costs and their stress of running the homestead when government subsidies and market incentives are present; the possibility for potential users to change their attitudes towards the concept of family, relationship, and their surroundings; the acceptance of the neighborhood for “people who are not their kin.”