論萬曆年間葛寅亮的南京佛教改革

Study on Ge Yinliang's Reform on Buddhism in Nanjing during Wanli Years

明朝萬曆年間，南京禮部祠祭司郎中葛寅亮在南京進行佛教改革，清田定租，考選僧官、住持、牒僧等，修拓禪堂，創建公塾，制定請經條例，修復殿堂，釐定佛寺統屬，刻石刊冊，編纂《金陵梵剎志》。這是以南京禮部名義推行的自上而下的佛教改革，在當時規模最大，措施最為詳備。葛寅亮的南京佛教改革的原因，除了明朝中期以來南京佛教衰微之外，對佛教的信奉、為官「守職遵制」是其個人的原因，稍早及同時的佛教改革為其提供了借鑒。葛寅亮的改革，使南京佛教得到一定程度的振興，成為全國樣板。葛寅亮因此得罪勢豪權宦，正統的士大夫也不以為然，葛寅亮遭辱罷官，改革失敗，南京佛教日益衰微。萬曆年間葛寅亮的南京佛教改革，為觀察晚明佛教的一個極好標本。

During Wanli years in Ming Dynasty, Ge Yinliang, an official of libu in Nanjing, had carried a most large-scale and widespread reform on Buddhism in Nanjing. To certain degre Buddhism in Nanjing had been promoted and became the model around the country. This paper mainly explores Ge Yinliang's reform, including its content, features, causes, consequence and outcomes, hoping to improme study of the Buddhism history in Ming Dynasty