「業鏡」小考

Research on 'Yejing'

「業鏡」是冥府地獄中審判亡人之工具，多由特定之冥官（如閣羅王或秦廣王、泰山王等）來執掌，藉此鑒查眾生在世間所行善惡之累計情況。「業鏡」之說，始見於六朝佛教典籍中，復為宋元道教經書所接受，明清民間宗教寶卷中更屢見此說，士人階層也援引「業鏡」作為文學創作之素材。本文著眼於佛、道經書及民間宗教寶卷中出現的「業鏡」，討論其宗教含義，並從圖像學角度分析至今尚存的諸多「業鏡」之造型、種類及異同。

”Yejing” (業鏡) is a kind of trial instruments of torture of the dead in the hell. ”Yejing” is usually be charged by certain governors in the hell such as Yanluo wang (閻羅王) Qinguangwang (秦廣王), Tanshanwang (泰山王) and so on and with it can weigh good and evil plot of the merits and demerits in the life before death. The theory of ”Yejing” (業鏡) was firstly found in the books of Buddhism during the period of Liuchao (六朝) and adopted by the books of Taoism of Song and Yuan Dynasties (宋元時期). The theory was also found in the Baojuan (寶卷) of civil religions during Ming and Qing Dynasties (明清時期). Some scholars of that period quoted ”Yejing” as the material of literary creation. This thesis focused on ”Yejing” (業鏡) in the books of Buddhism, Taoism and in Baojuan (寶卷) of civil religions in order to discuss its religious meaning and analyze the models, kinds, Similarities and differences of ”Yejing” (業鏡) from the perspective of the science of image.