人體基因法益權利化保護論綱－－基於“人格物”創設的視角

The Research on Protecting the Right of Legal Interest of Human Gene: From the Perspective of Establishing Personhood Property

人體基因是鑲嵌人格利益的物，具有物質與信息的一體性、高價值性與高風險性並存的特徵，並由此衍生出人格法益與財產法益的組合。然而，傳統民法上人與物、主體與客體二分體系並未納入此類新型複合法益，以致於現行民事權利體系無法適應基因法益定位的現實需求。人格物的提出，為基因法益權利化提供了契機，其在人與物二分體系之外另闢蹊徑，重構並發展民事權利的概念工具體系，嘗試以新的權益類型跨領域地實現人格法益與財產法益的整合與對接，並藉由人格物權利化構建人體基因作為人格物保護的請求權基礎、物權規則、人格權制度和侵權救濟規則的構成體系，以積極回應基因科技所衍生之新型複合法益的規制需求。

Human gene is an object with personhood interest built in it, combining substance with information and with the feature of high value and high risk that derived one complex combination of personhood interest and property interest. But the dual. system of traditional civil law theory, namely rem and persona, subject and object, doesn't cover this combined interest so that the modern civil right system couldn't meet the practical need of defining the legal interest of human gene. Personhood property provides an opportunity for the human genetic legal interest becoming a new civil right, and reconstructs and develops the concept of civil right, integrating personhood interest and property interest through a new right system, which constitute the foundation for requisitional right, rule of property right, personality right, preliminary legal system of tort relief, positively responding the regulatory need of a newly composite legal interest derived from genetic science and technology.