論所有人抵押權－－基於對德國法和瑞士法的分析

On the Titleholder's Mortgage: Based on the Analysis of German Law and Swiss Law

所有人抵押權是所有人於自己的財產上存在的抵押權，它是近現代私法上的一項特殊制度。其中，德國法對此制度於較大範圍內予以認可，規定了三種類型的所有人抵押權形態，並就每種形態的所有人抵押權的發生事由定有明文。瑞士法在所有人抵押權制度上更加嚴格地貫徹了順位固定規則。要理解所有人抵押權的法律構成，有必要厘清其與順位固定、順位保留、抵押權的附隨性（附從性）、對自己之物的權利及混同之間的關係。我國現行法制僅於混同的例外情形認可所有人抵押權的立場應予變更。為有利於我國不動產信用關係與金融資本信用關係的發展，我國應在較大範圍內認可所有人抵押權，摒棄抵押權的不可分性規則，改採順位元固定規則。

Titleholder's mortgage, a special one, is defined as a kind of mortgage based on titleholder's own belongings. Of all the countries, German adopts titleholder's mortgage in a wider range, which specifies three types of it and legitimized the causes of every single type. Swiss law, on the other hand, strictly adopts the theory of fixed sequence in titleholder's mortgage. To better understand the legal structure of titleholder's mortgage, we need to distinguish it from some other relevant concepts, such as fixed sequence, reserved sequence, the subordinate character of mortgage and so on. As for our country, we only admit that there do exist the titleholder's mortgage in the case of confusion exception. Aiming at improving commercial efficiency and financial leasing, we should adopt the titleholder's mortgage and adhere to the fixed sequence principle.