司法政策論要－－基於行政訴訟的考察

Theory of Judicial Policy: Based on the Review of Administrative Litigation

司法政策作為國家處理司法問題的一種導向或立場、態度，是司法機關所制定的對司法活動進行指引和規範的規則，體現了司法機關對司法活動以及司法機關的角色所表達的基本觀點和態度。法院審理案件的過程實際上是徘徊在法律與司法政策、政府與民眾、個人利益與公共利益之間進行利益衡量、價值衡量的過程。司法政策內在本質上兼具了政治性與司法性的特質，外在表現為靈活性、平衡性、統一性、開放性、動態性。司法政策具有指引、補充、協調、創制、試驗等功能。由於缺乏穩定、成熟的司法哲學作為支撐，過於強調或突出司法政策對司法實踐的作用，會影響法律的權威地位，易對法治建設造成一定的負面影響。制定與實施司法政策的核心命題就是要處理法律與司法政策的關係，目前已形成司法政策代替法律、司法政策改變法律、司法政策補充法律這三種模式。

As a guide or position, attitude for countries to deal with judicial issues, judicial policy is formulated by the judicial organs to guide and standardize the rules of judicial activities, embodies the basic views and attitudes of judicial authority toward judicial activity and the role expressed by the judicial organs. The process of court trial is, in fact, a pendulum between law and judicial policy, government and people, personal interests and public interests to measure interest and value. Inherent in the nature of judicial policy is both the political and judicial characteristics, with flexibility, balance, unity, openness and dynamism as its external performance. Judicial policy has the function of guidance, complement, coordination, creation and test, etc. Due to the lack of stable and mature judicial philosophy, too much emphasis or highlight on the judicial policy in the judicial practice can affect the authority of law and cause certain negative impact on the rule of law. The core proposition of judicial policy is to deal with the relationship between law and judicial policy. At present, three models have been formed: the judicial policy replacing law, judicial policy changing law and judicial policy supplementing law.