國企為何需要行政化的治理－－一種被忽略的效率性解釋

Why State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) Need Governmental Governance (GG): An Overlooked Efficiency Interpretation

在十國，國企的行政化治理是一種必然現實，是國家作為企業股東以及國企作為公共企業的本質使然。行政化治理雖然一直被視為有礙國企商業化，但亦有其“效率性”的一面，它有助於國企得到更多商業資源和商業利益。而且，國企的行政化治理是一種世界現象，差別只在於其目標以及內容、手段和方式的不同。由此，國企面對的關鍵問題，就不是如何脫離行政化治理的問題，而是如何改進行政化的治理、進行何種行政化治理的問題，即如何跳出原有產權調控模式，從利潤導向走向公共導向，提升治理的透明度，讓國企為國家發展、為一般社會公眾謀取福利。中國一直追求將國企打造成獨立的商事主體，追求國企營利目標的實現，這顯然背離了作為公共企業的國企本質。應當撩開國企的商事面罩，重新回到公共企業以及公共企業法的改革道路上－－以特別企業法而非商事公司法的方式調整國企的設立、運營和監管。

In China, the governmental management/governance (GM/GG) of the state-owned enteiprises (SOEs) is an inevitable reality- just because the country is the shareholder of SOEs and the nature of SOEs as public companies. Although GM/GG has been regarded as hazardous to SOEs, it is also a method to be 'efficient' because it can help SOEs to get more business resources and business interests. And the GM/GG of the SOEs is very popular in the world, the difference only lies in its goals and contents, means and ways. Thus, the key problem about SOEs is not the problem about GM/GG, but how to improve the GM/GG, namely, how to escape from the mode of property right regulation, from profit orientation toward public guidance, improve the transparency of governance, and let SOEs do good for national development and for the general public welfare. We have always sought to make SOEs independent business entities and make it achieve the goal of profit, which obviously deviated from the nature of the SOEs as some kind of public sector. We should lift the commercial veil of SOEs, profit orientation back to the road of public enterprises and public enterprises acts, using special enterprises law rather than commercial company law to adjust the establishment, operation and supervision of the SOEs.