從民法的角度看徵收

Expropriation According to Civil Law

徵收在大陸法系國家多被列入行政法研究的對象，由於其與私有財產保護的緊密關聯，完全有必要從民法的角度，根據民法的理念和方法解析徵收的基本問題。本文是一部在100多年前寫成的著作，作者以包括俄羅斯法在內的大陸法系國家當時的徵收立法為素材，立足民法的理念和方法，對徵收制度進行解構和建構，主要研究了徵收的概念，徵收立法的演進史，徵收法律關係的基本問題（主體、客體、內容、性質等），徵收中的補償問題，徵收中利害關係人的權利（所有權、抵押權、役權、租賃權等權利）保障問題，以及為了保護被徵收人的利益所賦予被徵收人的徵收擴大權、取回權、優先購買權等制度。作為一篇極具比較法色彩的法學著作，其中對徵收制度全面的論述和精闢的分析，對於我國徵收制度的建構和完善具有重要借鑒意義。

Expropriation is a research object of administrative law in most civil law countries. As the close connection with the protection of private property, it is necessary to analyse the basic problem of expropriation according to civil law idea and method. This article is a work written at more than 100 years ago. Based on the civil law idea and method, the author constructed the expropriation system under the source materials of expropriation legislations of law countries then. It mainly studies the expropriation system including its concept, the evolution history of its legislation, the basic problems of its legal relationship(subject, object, content, nature and so on), compensatory approach, protection of rights of party interested, preemption of the levied person and so on. As a legal work with comparative legal color, its elaboration and penetrating analysis have an important model significance to the construction and perfection of expropriation system in our country.