知識產權史：1545-1787年

History of Intellectual Right (1545-1787)

本文以早期威尼斯和法國專利權文獻為基礎，回顧了1545至1787年間對專利權的法律保護在這些國家的興起與歷史發展，並且與英國《壟斷法令》的出現進行比較，在此基礎上，作者認為現代知識產權的歷史淵源可以追溯到一個在16世紀中期威尼斯共和國發展起來的專利法體系，法國、英國以及美國的專利法實際上都是這一法律體系的不同分支。作者也指出，研究知識產權保護在這些國家的歷史演變對於理解美國憲法中的專利條款提供了重要借鑿，有助於人們認識到美國專利條款中一些模稜兩可之處，也有助於對這一條款加以完善和修正。

Based on the early patent documents from the Republic of Venice and France, this article reviews the growth up and development of law protection on patents in these two countries from 1545 to 1787, and makes a comparison between these developments and the emergence of the English Statute of Monopolies. On the basis of these analysis, the author argues that, the historical origin of modern intellectual property can be traced back to a system of privileges, which was developed in the Republic of Venice from the middle of sixteen century, and the patent laws of France, along with those of England and the United States, are branches of this system of jurisprudence. The author also points out that, studies on the historical evolution intellectual property protections in these counties provides important references for us to understand the constitutional patent clause of the United States, helps us to recognize some obscurities in this clause, and also helps to its proper construction and amendment.