法國抵押權和優先權的公示制度研究

法國採債權意思主義的物權變動模式，且有優先權這種特殊的擔保物權形態，因此法國的抵押權和優先權的公示制度頗具特色。本文研究了法國抵押權和優先權的公示制度，全文由四個部分組成，第一部分探討了法國不動產公示制度的歷史沿革。法國不動產公示制度經歷了一個漫長的修改和完善的過程。1955年1 月4 日法令是法國現行最為重要的不動產公示規則，它是法國不動產公示制度基本完善的標志。第二部分探討了不動產公示的一般規則。不動產公示的前提條件是要符合相對效力原則和認證制度，公示一般要經過申請、審查、公示等程序。在不動產公示過程中，司法助理人員和登記員扮演了重要的角色。第三部分探討了抵押權公示的具體程序，具體探討了抵押權的申請、審核、續展、縮減和注銷等程序。第四部分探討了不動產優先權的特殊公示規則。

This article composed of four parts concentrates on the publication of priority and mortgage in Civil Code of France. The first part probes into the history of the registration of real property. It takes a long time for French government to modify and improve the legal Systems of registration of real property. The law of January 4, 1955 is the signal indicating that the legal systems of the registration of real rights in France have been almost perfected. The second part discusses mainly the general regulations on the registration of real property. The precondition of the registration of real property is that the transfer of real right subject to registration must have been already registered, and the document subject to registration must be authenticated. The registration procedure consists generally of application, formal examination and registration. During the registration, the notary and registrar play an important role. The third part discusses mainly the specific procedure of the registration of mortgage including application, examination, renewal, reduction and cancellation. The fourth part concentrates o n the special regulations for the publication of the priority.