國家何時產生？

本文力圖介紹一種關於國家的觀點，按照這種觀點， 國家只是到16世紀才產生。事實上， 國家的名詞也是在這個世紀產生的。國家的本質在於與其構成成員的人格相獨立的人格和主權，16世紀才出現了有這些要素的政治實體。在此之前的政治實體，如人民、共和國、城邦等，都因缺乏這些要素而不成其為國家。國家之所以後來被理解為一種更早的存在，是黑格爾為了統一德國而杜撰國家普遍說的結果，而他的觀點又深刻地影響了社會主義國家的國家理論。由於觀念交流的自由度的提高，現在我們可以同時欣賞兩種國家理論並作出我們自己的選擇。

This paper strives to introduce a kind of view of point about the phenomena of state, according to that the state was only brought into the world in 16 centuary. In fact the word of state also came into being in this Century. The substances of state are an independancy between the personality of the members of state and the personality of state himself and the sovereignty, a political entity with these elements not existed untill 16 Century. The political entities such as people, republic and civitas before this were not state because they were short of these elements. That the state was understood as a kind of existance much earlier was a result of Hegel ’theory about state, he made up the theory of universal state for a practical aim of unifying his motherland, and his this opinion influences deeply the theory about the state in socialist countries. T hanks to an elevation of liberty of circulation of ideas, now we can appreciate two kinds of theories about state in the same time and make our own choice.