東道國的環境措施對徵收的抗辯

Defense of Host State’s Environmental Measures against Expropriation

隨著國際投資的迅猛發展，東道國與外國投資者之間出現了一些利益衝突。東道國為保護本國環境免受投資活動的損害而採取的環境措施可以作為排除徵收的例外理由，因為環境作為社會公共利益的一部分，構成了公民私權自由的邊界，當然地阻卻了某些干涉與阻礙私權行為的違法性。當然，為避免環境措施的濫用，需要對其正當性提供證據加以證明。之所以考慮環境因素對定性東道國徵收行為的影響，目的在於保證更重要利益的優先地位，同時尋求東道國環境公共利益與外國投資者私人利益的平衡。

With the rapid development of international investment, conflicts of interests arise between host states and foreign investors. The environmental measures taken by host states to protect their environment from damages of foreign investment should constitute exceptions to expropriation. Being a part of public interest of the society, environment forms the boundary of citizen’s private rights and therefore removes the illegality of some regulatory activities intervening those private rights. Taking environmental justification into consideration when deciding expropriation, it is necessary to give priority to more important interests while balancing the environmental interest of the host states and the private interests of foreign investors.