我國刑事訴訟中無罪化機制的過程性失靈及應對

The Process Malfunction of the Mechanism of Innocent Disposition in China’s Criminal Proceeding and Its Solutions

無罪推定原則要求通過刑事訴訟中的無罪化機制維護被追訴者實體利益，避免冤案發生。目前我國刑事司法中的典型案例讓我們認識到我國刑事訴訟中無罪化機制過程性失靈的現狀。我國現有刑事訴訟制度對有罪證據存疑的案件傾向於持續追訴，而非對案件進行即時無罪化處理。在有罪推定理念之下，持續追訴的程序潛規則盛行，其背後存在著容許部門利益膨脹的體制空間。司法體制產生的現實阻力，是無罪化機制過程性失靈的根本原因。與之相比，公安司法機關內部的工作機制只是附隨因素。克服無罪化機制的過程性失靈應著眼於：程序裁量中的即時無罪化策略、無罪化機制的制度完善、司法體制等程序外阻力的消解策略。

The mechanism of innocent disposition is required by the principle of innocent presumption to protect the defendants’substantial interests to avoid cases of injustice. The typical cases show the malfunction of the mechanism of innocent disposition. Chinese current criminal proceeding system tends to continuing prosecution, not the immediate innocent disposition. Under the guilty presumption, the continuing prosecution is latently overwhelming, which leads to expanding the undue benefits of government agencies. There are some strategies of practicing the immediate innocent disposition: carrying out immediate innocent disposition in the procedural discretion; supplementing new regulations of immediate innocent disposition; dispelling the obstacles of judicial system.