論媒體報導涉罪人員姓名的規則

Rule of Media Reporting the Name of Crime Personnel

我國理論和實務界對媒體能否報導涉罪人員姓名問題的域外規則有很多誤解。比較研究表明，訴訟期間可以報導涉罪人員姓名是大勢所趨，但判決後罪犯的姓名除美國外各國都禁止公開。各國對涉罪的公眾人物和未成年人姓名公開規定了特殊的規則。我國新聞報導中涉罪人員姓名公開規則的確立應當考慮以下四個方面：對涉罪人員姓名“以公開為原則”的現行做法值得肯定；禁止對未成年涉罪人員實名報導但不能過於絕對；實名報導涉罪公眾人物的做法應當堅持；應當謹慎確立不當公開涉罪人員姓名的行為責任。

There are many theoretical and practical misunderstandings about the foreign rule of media reporting the name of crime personnel. Comparative study shows that it is a general trend to report the name of crime personnel in the course of litigation; but the name of criminal cannot be reported after the conviction in many countries except the United States. There are special rules to report the name of crime concerning public figures and minors. The establishment of China’s rule of media reporting crime personnel name should consider the following four aspects: publicizing the name of crime personnel should be a basic principle; prohibition on reporting juvenile crime personnel name but cannot be too absolute; the name of crimes personnel concerning public figures should be reported; responsibility of media reporting the name of crime personnel should be established.