量刑的價值判斷與公正量刑的途徑

Value Judgment of Sentencing and Methods of Fair Sentencing

量刑是事實判斷與價值判斷的有機統一。量刑的事實判斷以犯罪的主客觀事實為基礎，量刑的價值判斷體現國家和社會懲罰與預防犯罪的特殊需要。《刑法》第61條規定的是量刑的事實根據與法律根據，在價值判斷上有所缺漏。量刑的價值判斷與規範判斷並不相同。影響量刑的非規範性價值評價因素主要包括：情勢變遷、文化背景、價值觀念以及犯罪人的家庭、生活狀況等。公正量刑的途徑在於：堅持事實判斷與價值判斷相結合；適時調整量刑的依據和標準；賦予法官適度的自由裁量權；建立和完善相關的程序機制。

Sentencing is the organic unity of fact judgment and value evaluation. The former is based on subjective and objective facts of crime. The latter reflects the special needs of punishment and prevention of crimes of the state and society. Article 61 of the Criminal Law is the facts and legal basis of sentencing, which has been missing in the judgment of value. Value judgment and norm judgment of the sentencing is not the same. Sentencing factors outside legal norms include: change of circumstances, cultural background, traditional values and criminal family and living condition of the criminal and so on. Justice of sentencing needs to do the following: adhering to the combination of fact judgment and value judgment; adjusting timely the basis of measurement and standards; giving judges the modest discretion; establishing and perfecting the relevant procedure mechanism.